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"Halvard Magne Kausland (25 April 1945 - 21 December 2017) was a Norwegian jazz guitarist and civil servant. Biography He hails from Sund. He has his education from the Norges kommunal- og sosialhøgskole, Agder Regional College and the University of Bergen. On 20 September 1996 it was announced that Kausland had been appointed as acting director of the Arts Council Norway from 1 November 1996 to 31 March 2000; however, Kausland withdrew three days before actually assuming the post. He was later chief administrative officer () of Vestfold County Municipality. Kausland is also a well-known jazz guitarist, having played in the band of Ole Paus among other things. From 1997 to 2001 he was the chairman of . From 2009 he is the chairman of . From 1966 to 1979 he was married to Grethe Kausland. She did not revert to her maiden name Nilsen after the end of the marriage, but kept the name Kausland. Halvard Kausland later married artist Helle Brunvoll, with whom he also released the jazz albums In Our House (2009), Your Song (2012) and Latitude (2015). Kausland died of cancer in Oslo on 21 December 2017 at the age of 72.Halvard Magne Kausland Discography (in selection) = Solo albums Within Kausland/Mathisen Quartet *2002: Good Bait (Hot Club) With Helle Brunvoll *2009: In Our (Naxos) *2012: Your Song (Naxos) *2015: Latitude (Naxos) Collaborations With Øystein Sunde *1974: Ikke Bare Tyll (Philips) With Ole Paus *1976: I Anstendighetens Navn (Sonet) References External links *Grethe, “Lille Grethe” Kausland at Norsk Biografisk Leksikon (In Norwegian) Category:1945 births Category:2017 deaths Category:Norwegian civil servants Category:Norwegian jazz guitarists Category:Musicians from Sund, Norway Category:University of Bergen alumni "
"Garra duobarbis is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Garra. It is endemic to Ethiopia. References Category:Garra Category:Endemic fauna of Ethiopia Category:Fish of Ethiopia Category:Fish described in 2007 Category:Cyprinid fish of Africa "
"Ceratopteris richardii is a fern species belonging to the genus Ceratopteris, one of only two genera of the subfamily Parkerioideae of the family Pteridaceae. It is one of several genera of ferns adapted to an aquatic existence. C. richardii was previously regarded as being part of the species Ceratopteris thalictroides. "C-Fern" This particular species is of special scientific interest because a patented strain, called "C-Fern", was developed as a scientific aid and teaching tool in biology in 1995. The use of "C-Fern" is facilitated by the fact that it grows readily in a cell-culture dish on agar media, reaching sexual maturity within 2–3 weeks of spore inoculation, with motile sperm cells being visible at this time. Over the course of about 6 weeks germination, sex determination and development of gametophytes, fertilization, embryogenesis, organogenesis, and sporophyte growth can all be observed, allowing an incredibly comprehensive study of the life cycle of homosporous ferns in a relatively short time period. In addition, due to the small size of the plant many specimens can be observed growing simultaneously, allowing for larger sample sizes in research studies. Following the culture of "C-Fern" in dishes it can be transplanted to a dirt substrate, where it can be further allowed to grow and future generations can be used for subsequent studies. Monilophytes are generally studied far less than other groups of plants and a full genome sequence is not yet available, however due to the development of "C-Fern" research into fern biology has been more prevalent and C. richardii has been used as a model organism to study vascular plant cell walls, alternation of generations (and associated mutations), genetics, population dynamics, and the effects of mitotic disrupter herbicides, among other topics. Despite being genetically identical the inoculated spores can give rise to both hermaphrodites and male gametophytes, depending on the secretion of Antheridiogen; this phenomenon has been used to study plant pheromones and the cascade of events that leads to epigenetic changes in ferns. The ability to switch from bisexual to all male spores may provide an evolutionary advantage by promoting outbreeding.Timothy Walker, Plants: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2012. p. 49 The use of C. richardii in genetic research studies has been valuable to understanding fern and plant evolution as a whole, and in 2019 "C-fern" became the first homosporous fern to have its genome partially assembled, thus acting as a reference genome to which other ferns can be compared. C. richardii spores germinated in space in 1999 on shuttle mission STS-93, making them one of the few plants to be grown in space. Development of "C-Fern" at 1 week after inoculation of spores onto agar media. Observed under bright field light microscopy. Development of "C-Fern" at 3 weeks after inoculation of spores onto agar media. Observed under bright field light microscopy. References Category:Pteridaceae Category:Flora of Asia Category:Aquatic plants "