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❤️ Colony (TV series) 🌱

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❤️ Peno, Russia 🌱

"Peno () is an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Penovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located between Lake Peno and Lake Volgo, both located in the course of the Volga River and belonging to Upper Volga Reservoir. Population: History Peno was founded in the 1900s as a settlement to serve the railway station. It was located in Ostashkovsky Uyezd of Tver Governorate. From 1924, the settlement of Peno was made a center of a volost. In 1926, Peno was granted urban-type settlement status. On 1 October 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Penovsky District with the administrative center in the settlement of Peno was established. It belonged to Velikiye Luki Okrug of Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930 the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Ostashkovsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast. During World War II, Peno was occupied by German troops. In February 1963, during the abortive administrative reform by Nikita Khrushchev, Kirovsky and Penovsky Districts were merged into Ostashkovsky District. On December 27, 1973 Penovsky District was re- established. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast. Economy =Industry= There are enterprises of timber, construction, and food industries in Peno. Formerly, timber industry provided the major part of the GDP of the district, however, currently it experiences a deep crisis. =Transportation= The railway connecting Bologoye with Velikiye Luki runs through Peno. There is infrequent passenger traffic. A paved road connects Ostashkov with Zapadnaya Dvina via Peno and Andreapol. There are local roads as well. There is bus traffic in the district. Culture and recreation In Peno, the tomb of Liza Chaikina by Nikolai Tomsky in Peno, as well as the central square where she was executed, are classified as cultural and historical heritage of federal significance. References =Notes= =Sources= * * Category:Urban-type settlements in Tver Oblast "

❤️ Baldwin of Marash 🌱

"Baldwin of Marash was a Crusader baron in Northern Syria in the 12th century AD. Biography Baldwin was the chief vassal of Joscelin II, Count of Edessa. He controlled the city of Marash (modern Kahramanmaraş) and the strategic fortress of Kaysun. Baldwin’s fiefdom was in the northern border region of the Crusader states where the population was largely Armenian Christians. The chronicler Gregory the Priest says that Baldwin was the brother of Raymond of Antioch and therefore the son of Duke William IX of Aquitaine. Baldwin's Armenian confessor, Barsegh, has left us a funeral oration in honour of Baldwin which praises him for his military skill, bravery and charm but criticises him for his “innumerable, endless and merciless injuries and blasphemies”.The Crusades and the Christian World of the East: Rough Tolerance - Christopher MacEvitt - University of Pennsylvania Press - pages 94-97 In 1135, Leo I, Prince of Armenia seized Sarventikar from Baldwin of Marash. Sarventikar was a fortress on the slopes of the Amanus Mountains. In 1136 Raymond of Antioch attacked Leo I’s Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. Baldwin of Marash marched with the Antiochenes. However Baldwin’s overlord, Count Joscelin II of Edessa, Leo’s nephew, helped the Armenians defeat the Antiochene army. After the battle, Baldwin convinced Leo to meet him. At the meeting Baldwin seized him and sent him off to Antioch as a prisoner.A History of the Crusades: Part 2 The Kingdom of Jerusalem - Steven Runciman (Penguin) - pages 201-202 That same year the Turkic Danishmends briefly captured Marash but the city was retaken by Crusader forces the following year. In October 1146, Baldwin accompanied Joscelin on an expedition attempting to recapture the city of Edessa from the Muslims who had conquered the city two years earlier. They entered the city but could not take the citadel before Nur ad- Din, atabeg of Aleppo surrounded Edessa with a large force. In a desperate situation Baldwin and Joscelin undertook a sortie at night. The following day Nur ad-Din caught up with them and a battle ensued in which the Christians were defeated. Count Joscelin managed to escape, however Baldwin of Marash died on the field of battle.A History of the Crusades: Part 2 The Kingdom of Jerusalem - Steven Runciman (Penguin) - page 240 References Category:Christians of the Crusades "

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