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"Donald Byrne (June 12, 1930 – April 8, 1976) was one of the strongest American chess players during the 1950s and 1960s. He was an International Master who competed for his country on several occasions. His main career was as a university professor. Chess career Byrne won the U.S. Open Chess Championship in 1953 in Milwaukee and around that time he achieved the second- highest rating in the U.S., behind Samuel Reshevsky, against whom Byrne had a winning record. He was awarded the International Master title by FIDE (the World Chess Federation) in 1962, and played for or captained five U.S. Chess Olympiad teams between 1962 and 1972. In 1972, he led a team representing Pennsylvania State University (the remainder of the team was alumni) to the US Amateur Team Championship in Philadelphia. The winning Penn State team consisted of Byrne, Dan Heisman, Steve Wexler, Bill Bickham, and Jim Joachim (alt.). Byrne's elder brother, Grandmaster Robert Byrne, was also a leading player of that time. Byrne was a great ambassador for American chess, seemingly on good terms with players from both sides of the Iron Curtain. At the 1966 Chess Olympiad in Havana, Cuba, Fischer, a member of the Worldwide Church of God, would not compete on Saturdays, and the tournament officials knew this, yet they scheduled his first game against a Soviet player on Saturday, leading to accusations and hot tempers by the U.S. and Soviet teams and the tournament officials. Byrne's diplomacy and communication skills and the respect that all the players had for his integrity were enough to get the game rescheduled with everyone saving face. The tournament proceeded without further incident. Host Fidel Castro gave Byrne a beautifully hand-carved chess set to thank him. Byrne was repeatedly asked by his teammates to be team captain, because of his interpersonal acumen and his generous, helpful nature. He routinely helped all the players analyze their games during adjournments, and he repeatedly succeeded in getting the temperamental Bobby Fischer to "relax and play the game", as he would tell Fischer when stress threatened his continued participation in tournaments. The Game of the Century In the late 1950s Byrne contracted lupus, an auto-immune disease that led to the demise of his kidneys and made him allergic to the sun. He was known around campus for his very wide-brimmed brown Stetson hat. He would frequently tell stories about his chess exploits, often turning red from laughter. One story occurred in the 1956 Rosenwald tournament during the Game of the Century between Byrne and Bobby Fischer. Fischer was winning the game decisively, and Byrne asked some of the other players if it would be a good "tip of the hat" to Fischer's superb play to let young Fischer play the game to a checkmate instead of Byrne resigning, which would normally happen between masters. When the other players agreed, Byrne played the game out until Fischer checkmated him. Byrne added "You have to remember, Bobby wasn't yet Bobby Fischer at that time", meaning that the then 13-year-old Fischer was "only" a master, and not yet the 14-year-old wunderkind and top U.S. player he became the following year. Two other Byrne stories posted online: Fischer and the Border PatrolFischer and the Border Patrol – another D.Byrne story. Chess.com (October 18, 2012). Retrieved on 2020-01-14. and The Hustler Gets Byrned.The Hustler Gets Byrned. Chess.com (October 17, 2012). Retrieved on 2020-01-14. As a player Byrne popularized the ...a5 line in the Yugoslav Attack in the Dragon Variation of the Sicilian Defence. Against 1. d4 he often preferred to play the Gruenfeld Defense. As White he preferred using the English Opening. Other biography Born in New York City, Byrne was a professor of English. He taught at Pennsylvania State University from 1961 until his death, having been invited there to teach and to coach the varsity chess team. Before his time at Penn State, he was a professor at Valparaiso University in Indiana. He was a competitor in the chess club run by Brooklyn chess coach and master John W. Collins. Collins wrote about his students in the book My Seven Chess Prodigies, which features both Byrne brothers, Donald and Robert, and the young Bobby Fischer. Byrne died in Philadelphia of complications arising from lupus. He was inducted into the U.S. Chess Hall of Fame in 2003. Notable games In the following game, Byrne wins against perennial World Championship contender Efim Geller: Geller–D. Byrne, Moscow 1955 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.f3 Nc6 8.Qd2 0-0 9.0-0-0 Be6 10.Kb1 Rc8 11.g4 Qa5 12.Nxe6 fxe6 13.Bc4 Nd8 14.Be2 Nd7 15.Bd4 Ne5 16.f4 Ndc6 17.Bxe5 dxe5 18.f5 Nd4 19.fxg6 hxg6 20.Rhf1 Rf4 21.g5 b5 22.Bd3 Rcf8 23.Qg2 b4 24.Ne2 Qc5 25.Qh3 Rf3 26.Rxf3 Rxf3 27.Qg4 Rxd3 28.Rc1 Rd1 29.c3 Rxc1+ 30.Kxc1 Nxe2+ 31.Qxe2 bxc3 32.Qg2 cxb2+ 33.Kxb2 Qb4+ 34.Kc2 a5 35.Qg4 Qc5+ 36.Kb3 Qb6+ 37.Kc3 a4 38.h4 Qd4+ 39.Kc2 Qf2+ 40.Kd3 Qxa2 41.h5 Qb3+ 42.Kd2 gxh5 0–1 In this game Byrne gives Samuel Reshevsky, who had clinched the tournament win the round before, his only defeat in a tournament best known for Bobby Fischer's "Game of the Century" win over Byrne: D. Byrne- Reshevsky, Third Rosenwald Trophy 1956 1\. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d5 e6 4. Nc3 ed5 5. cd5 d6 6. e4 a6 7. a4 g6 8. Nf3 Bg4 9. Be2 Bf3 10. Bf3 Nbd7 11. O-O Bg7 12. Bf4 Qc7 13. Rc1 O-O 14. b4 Rfe8 15. a5 Qb8 16. bc5 Nc5 17. Na4 Na4 18. Qa4 Qd8 19. Qb4 Bf8 20. h3 Rb8 21. Rfe1 b6 22. ab6 Qb6 23. Qb6 Rb6 24. e5 de5 25. Be5 Ba3 26. Rcd1 Bb2 27. Bc7 Re1 28. Re1 Rb4 29. Rb1 Bc3 30. Rb4 Bb4 31. d6 Bc3 32. Bc6 Be5 33. g3 g5 34. Bd8 Kg7 35. d7 h5 36. Ba5 Nd7 37. Bd7 Kg6 38. Kg2 f5 39. Bc8 g4 40. h4 f4 1-0 References Further reading * External links * "Former chess coach named to Hall of Fame" remembrance in a Penn State publication * Inductee Biography at the Chess Hall of Fame * Category:1930 births Category:1976 deaths Category:American Seventh-day Adventists Category:American chess players Category:Chess Olympiad competitors Category:Pennsylvania State University faculty Category:Deaths from lupus Category:Sportspeople from New York City Category:20th-century chess players "
"arms of office of the three current English Kings of Arms. Visible are the banners of Norroy and Ulster King of Arms, Clarenceux King of Arms, and Garter Principal King of Arms. King during the Solemn funeral of Albert VI of Austria Louis d'Ursel was the King of Arms of Flanders King of Arms is the senior rank of an officer of arms. In many heraldic traditions, only a king of arms has the authority to grant armorial bearings and sometimes certify genealogies and noble titles. In other traditions, the power has been delegated to other officers of similar rank. Heraldic duties Crown of an English King of Arms In England, the authority to grant a coat of arms is subject to the formal approval of the Earl Marshal in the form of a warrant. In jurisdictions such as the Republic of Ireland the authority to grant armorial bearings has been delegated to a chief herald that serves the same purpose as the traditional king of arms. Canada also has a chief herald, though this officer grants arms on the authority of the Governor General as the Queen's representative through the Herald Chancellor's direct remit. Scotland's only king of arms, the Lord Lyon, exercises the royal prerogative by direct delegation from the Crown and like the Chief Herald of Ireland and the old Ulster King of Arms needs no warrant from any other office bearer. In the Kingdom of Spain, the power to certify coats of arms has been given to the Cronistas de Armas (Chroniclers of Arms). The English and Scottish kings of arms are the only officers of arms to have a distinctive crown of office, used for ceremonial purposes such as at coronations (as opposed to peers, who instead wear a coronet). At the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, the kings of arms used a crown trimmed with sixteen acanthus leaves alternating in height, and inscribed with the words Miserere mei Deus secundum magnam misericordiam tuam (Have mercy upon me, O God, according to Thy great mercy; Psalm 51). When this crown is shown in pictorial representations, nine leaves and the first three words are shown. Recently, a new crown has been made for the Lord Lyon, modelled on the Scottish Royal crown among the Honours of Scotland. This crown has removable arches (like one of the late Queen Mother's crowns) which will be removed at coronations to avoid any hint of lèse majesté. Kings of Arms and Heraldic Authorities of the United Kingdom Thomas Hawley, Clarenceux King of Arms, wearing a tabard bearing the royal arms of England and holding a white staff of office Kings of Arms of England, Wales and Northern Ireland *Garter Principal King of Arms *Clarenceux King of Arms (England and Wales south of the Trent) *Norroy and Ulster King of Arms (England north of the Trent and Northern Ireland) Scottish King of Arms *Lord Lyon King of Arms Orders of chivalry Garter King of Arms is the herald of the Order of the Garter as is in Scotland Lord Lyon King of Arms the herald of the Order of the Thistle. The Norroy and Ulster King of Arms is the herald of the (now dormant) Order of St Patrick. Other British orders of chivalry have their own kings of arms: * Bath King of Arms, for the Order of the Bath * King of Arms of the Order of St Michael and St George * King of Arms of the Order of the British Empire Chief or State Heralds of Ireland and the Commonwealth *The Chief Herald of Canada *The Chief Herald of Ireland *The National Herald (formerly State Herald) of South Africa *New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary The Herald of Arms of New Zealand State Herald of Sweden *The State Herald (Statsheraldiker) of Sweden is the head of a branch of the National Archives of Sweden Cronistas de Armas of Spain Kings of Arms appear in a painting where Grand Inquisitor Tomás de Torquemada in 1492 asks the Catholic Monarchs to issue the edict for expulsion of the Jews from Spain. *Cronistas Reyes de Armas Former Kings of Arms of Portugal * Rei de Armas Portugal or Portugal Rei de Armas (Portugal King of Arms) * Rei de Armas Algarve (Algarve King of Arms) * Rei de Armas Índia (India King of Arms) King of Arms of the Royal House of Bourbon Two Sicilies * King of Arms Royal House of Bourbon Two Sicilies (Fernando Muñoz Altea, first appointed by the Prince Ranieri, Duke of Castro) See also * Bureau of Heraldry * The College of Arms * The Court of the Lord Lyon * The Canadian Heraldic Authority * Heraldic authority *Grant of Arms * State Ceremonial References External links *The Court of the Lord Lyon *The College of Arms * *The Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland * Genealogy & Heraldry Bill, 2006 - new legislation on heraldry before the Irish Senate *King of Arms Royal House of Bourbon Two Sicilies (Appointed by the Duke of Castro) Category:Officers of arms Category:Government occupations Category:Positions of authority "
"The Lobau is a Vienna floodplain on the northern side of the Danube in Donaustadt and partly in Großenzersdorf, Lower Austria. It has been part of the Danube-Auen National Park since 1996 and has been a protected area since 1978. It is used as a recreational area and is known as a site of nudism. There is also an oil harbour, and the Austrian Army used the Lobau as a training ground. In addition to the water coming from the Alps through the Wiener Hochquellenwasserleitung, the Lobau is a source of groundwater for Vienna. The Donauinsel (Vienna Danube Island) borders the Lobau. History The Lobau was the site of the Battle of Aspern-Essling in 1809, the first major defeat suffered by Napoléon, which was inflicted on him by an Austrian army led by Archduke Charles, and of the Battle of Wagram, a victory for Napoleon that followed two months later. During the Oil Campaign of World War II, the Lobau oil refinery was bombed beginning on August 22, 1944. Impact on the environment Some small territories were used by the army for soldier training. The Lobau also has a big impact on tapwater in Vienna itself, since it is one of the sources to provide water to its population. The Lobau houses a huge amount of different species of the flora and fauna that are in danger of extinction. Since 1977 the Lobau with a property is considered as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO. The Lobau is composed of nature zones, of which only 25% are being taken care of. Since 1978 the Lobau is at the same time an area under landscape protection, a preserved area and also a biosphere reserve. The area covers one fifth of the 22nd district in Vienna. Flora and fauna The Lobau consists in a flora and fauna of exception, but on its way to extinction due to environmental problems. This is why, to preserve it, the Lobau has become a protected area since 1996. Furthermore, starting October 26, 1996 the protected park has integrated the national park of Donau Auen, which is one of natural areas "nature 2000". The area has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 1982. Reed bed The Josefsteg is a bridge found in the middle of the Lobau. 150 years ago there was a river bed, it was the Danube's bed. This passage constructed of wood, is about a , this bridge also represents the human impact on the protected area even though it is made of wood. As said before this park is known for its wide variety of flora and fauna and one typical example is the reed bed surrounding the Josefsteg covering a large part of the area. The common reed, (Phragmites australis), is a cosmopolite species of perennial plant that belongs to the Poaceae, which is a sub family of the Arundinoideae. References External links Category:Donaustadt Category:Biosphere reserves of Austria Category:Landforms of Vienna Category:Oil campaign of World War II Category:Floodplains of Europe Category:Ramsar sites in Austria Category:Nude beaches "