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"The prehispanic history of Chile refers to the period from the first human populations in the territory of Chile until the first European exploration of the region, by Spaniard Diego de Almagro in 1535-36. There are numerous theories on the settlement of the Americas; the most accepted currently, that of Paul Rivet, states that there were numerous arrivals for different reasons: those leaving Asia via the Bering Straits, but also those traveling from island to island in Polynesia and Melanesia, via Central America. The first people to arrive in the territory of Chile would have been in one of these population movements. The prehistoric site of Monte Verde in Chile, presently under consideration as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, allows us to date the oldest habitations in Chile to around 13,000 to 15,000 years for "Monte Verde II" and around 33,000 to 35,000 years for "Monte Verde I". Various research taken on the first populations to have arrived in the country arrived around years BC, during the Pleistocene period for the prehistoric site at "Monte Verde I" and around years BC for the site at "Monte Verde II" (the end of the Pleistocene and start of the Holocene (close to the end of the Upper Paleolithic). Prehispanic Chile was peopled by diverse Amerindian people who were located around the Andes and the coast. In the area to the north of the country, the Aymara and the Atacama began to cultivate land from the 11th century in the style of the Incas (growing plants on terraces on the sides of mountains with canal systems). By the 15th century, the Incas had taken possession of the territory of modern-day Chile up to the Maule River. At the south of the Aconcagua, the semi-nomadic communities such as the Mapuche were set up. In the austral zone of the country, various Amerindian people such as the Chomos, Tamanas, Alacalufes and Onas were living. In the Easter Islands a Polynesian culture developed, which continues today. On the Pacific coast, different cultures and peoples coexisted: the Aymara, Chango, Chinchorro, Atacama, Diaguita in the north: the Picunche, Mapuche, Huilliche, Chono in the Central and Southern region; and the Ona, Yagan and Alakaluf in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. The Mapuche formed a numerous community. The Chinchorro The Chinchorro culture of South America goes back to 9,000 years ago. These were sedentary fishing people of the northern Chile and southern Peru. They inhabited the arid coastal regions of the Atacama Desert from Ilo, southern Peru, to Antofagasta in northern Chile. Outcrops of fresh water on the coast facilitated human settlement in this region. The Chinchorro are famous for their detailed mummification practice (Chinchorro mummies). The culture lasted for several thousand years, evolving and adapting over the period. The Chinchorro were expert fishermen. They developed an extensive and sophisticated fishing tool assemblage. They had efficient fishing gear, such as fishing hooks made of shells and cacti, and stone weights for nets made of mesh fabrics. They became skilled weavers of baskets and mats."Making the Dead Beautiful: Mummies as Art" Archaeology Magazine The Chinchorro type site is located in Arica, Chile; it was discovered by Max Uhle in the early 20th century.Bernardo Arriaza, Chile’s Chinchorro Mummies nationalgeographic.com 1995 Their mummies which were much more ancient than those of the ancient Egyptians. Some of their DNA was recovered. External links *Chinchorro Archaeological site in Chile *"Making the Dead Beautiful: Mummies as Art" Archaeology Magazine Notes Distribution of the pre-hispanic people of Chile Category:History of Chile "
"A by-election for the Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency in Singapore was held on 19 December 1992. The by-election was called after the resignation of all four MPs of the GRC from their seats, including then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. The nomination day was held on 9 December 1992. The by-election marked the debut of Teo Chee Hean of PAP and Chee Soon Juan of Singapore Democratic Party. Background At the time of the by-election, both Deputy Prime Ministers, Ong Teng Cheong and Lee Hsien Loong, were suffering from cancer. Goh decided to hold a by-election in a safe constituency with the best chances of winning for “political self-renewal” to get people of “ministerial calibre” to join the government under PAP. While Goh, Othman bin Haron Eusofe and Matthias Yao were running again in the same constituency, Lim Chee Onn was replaced with Teo Chee Hean, the former chief of the Singapore navy, for the by-election. At the 1991 general election, Goh promised to hold a by-election in 12 to 18 months’ time to allow J. B. Jeyaretnam, of the Workers’ Party, to contest a seat in parliament. Jeyaretnam was unable to contest in the 1991 general election due to a parliamentary ban which expired 2 months after the 1991 general election. Election deposit The election deposit was set at $6000 per candidate. Similar to previous elections, the election deposit will be forfeited if the particular candidate had failed to secure at least 12.5% or one-eighth of the votes. ResultsSee also *2020 Singaporean general election - another election where a multi-cornered contest occurred in a GRC (Pasir Ris-Punggol GRC between People's Action Party, Singapore Democratic Alliance and the new party, Peoples Voice) References 1992 Category:1992 elections in Asia Category:1992 in Singapore Category:December 1992 events in Asia "
"José Daniel Álvarez (born 21 March 1975) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Career Álvarez played in Argentina and Andorra for Belgrano, Racing de Córdoba, Talleres de Perico, FC Rànger's and FC Santa Coloma. References Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:Argentine footballers Category:Club Atlético Belgrano footballers Category:Racing de Córdoba footballers Category:Talleres de Perico footballers Category:FC Rànger's players Category:FC Santa Coloma players Category:Association football midfielders Category:Argentine expatriate footballers Category:Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Andorra Category:Expatriate footballers in Andorra "