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"Pennsylvania Route 488 (PA 488) is a state highway located in Lawrence and Butler Counties in Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at PA 65/PA 288 in Ellwood City. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 422 (US 422) in Moraine State Park. Route description PA 488 begins at an intersection with PA 65/PA 288 in the borough of Ellwood City in Lawrence County, heading east on two-lane undivided Fountain Avenue. The road passes through residential areas before heading into commercial and industrial areas, turning southeast onto Portersville Road. The route heads into the community of Burnstown in Wayne Township and running between woods to the north and homes to the south. PA 488 forms the border between Wayne Township to the north and Ellwood City to the south as it passes to the north of a steel mill. The road turns east and enters the borough of Ellport, passing a mix of residences and businesses. The route crosses the Connoquenessing Creek into Perry Township and heads into more wooded areas of residential development. PA 488 turns to the northeast and crosses the Slippery Rock Creek back into Wayne Township, passing through Wurtemburg. The road crosses the creek again and heads back into Perry Township, entering wooded areas with some fields and homes. The route continues northeast through more farmland and woodland with some homes. PA 488 enters Muddy Creek Township in Butler County and becomes West Portersville Road, soon heading into the borough of Portersville as it passes through more rural areas. The road turns east and passes homes, reaching an intersection with US 19. At this point, PA 488 turns south to form a concurrency with US 19 on Perry Highway, a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane that runs through residential and commercial areas. PA 488 splits from US 19 by turning east onto two-lane undivided East Portersville Road. The road passes a mix of farmland and homes before crossing back into Muddy Creek Township and coming to an interchange with I-79. A park and ride lot is located at the southwest corner of this interchange. Past this interchange, the route heads into wooded areas with some farms and residences. PA 488 enters more forested areas with a few homes as it skirts the southern edge of Moraine State Park and turns to the south. The road heads southeast into more farmland and woodland, crossing into the borough of Prospect and becoming Main Street. The route passes through residential areas with some fields and trees, turning east into more dense areas of homes and crossing PA 528. PA 488 passes more residences before heading into a mix of farmland and woodland with some development, crossing into Franklin Township and ending at US 422. Major intersectionsPA 488 Truck Pennsylvania Route 488 Truck is a truck route around a weight- restricted bridge over the Stony Creek. It follows PA 65/288, PA 65 (after the split), PA 388, US 422, and US 19. For partial length, the route is cosigned with PA 351 Truck. The route was signed in 2013. See also * * References 488 Category:Transportation in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania Category:Transportation in Butler County, Pennsylvania "
"Stock certificate for the Pacific Pearl Company The Pacific Pearl Company was incorporated in the American state of New York on November 18, 1863. Principal officers included John Chadwick as President, George Wrightson as Treasurer, and Julius H. Kroehl as Chief Engineer. Other shareholders included William Henry Tiffany, Charles D. Poston and William M.B. Hartley. The company was a venture to harvest pearls and pearl shells in the Pacific Ocean. The first site chosen was Panama, in particular the Pearl Islands. After Kroehl recovered sufficiently from malaria he contracted while serving the Union Navy during the Vicksburg Campaign, he began designing and building a vessel at Ariel Patterson's Shipyard near the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Also being built nearby was the Intelligent Whale under the direction of Scovel S. Merriam. There were many companies active in submarine salvage at this time. The vessel Kroehl built was later known as Sub Marine Explorer. It operated as a diving bell, but was autonomous as a submarine propeller. It held its fourth test dive on May 31, 1866, receiving notice in many newspapers. In August 1866, the Company held a meeting to raise funds by selling stock. At this time, Mark Brumagim became president of the company. But the submarine was not dispatched to Panama until December 1866. Whether this was due to insufficient funds, the political situation in Panama, or technical problems with the vessel is unknown at this time. After arriving at Aspinwall, the vessel was transported via railroad to the city of Panama. It was reassembled, tested, and then shipped to the island of St. Elmo (San Telmo). During a test run around the island, the submarine while skimming the bottom at 30 feet, went over a submarine cliff going down to 75 feet. However, the relative lightness was no problem, and the crew managed to make it back to the surface unscathed. Harvesting continued through the summer, resulting in thousands of pounds of pearl shells and many pearls. As the crew was staying in Panama to return the season's harvest, Kroehl had a fatal recurrence of malaria. He died on 9 September 1867. With no funds to continue harvesting, and without Kroehl's leadership, the crew returned to the New York. The Company continued to retell the story of the success of the harvest in 1868, and later in 1870. But one newspaper account in 1868 noted that the submarine lay derelict for a year and that Kroehl was dead (Philadelphia Inquirer, p. 2, 24 August 1868). In 1869, the company resumed its work, with Henry A. Dingee in charge of the operation. In September of that year, the company reported a harvest of pearls and pearl shells. But many workers became ill and died while working the submarine, probably from the effects of decompression sickness. There was interest to harvest pearls in Baja California using the Sub Marine Explorer, and that the "Engineer" was scouting a position. However, the Company recorded no further accomplishments. On April 2, 1924, the Company was involuntarily dissolved. There are two other companies that operated at different times with the same name, but have no relation with this company. One was a British company which was active around the 1820s and undertook a commercial expedition to New South Wales, Australia. The other was a Japanese company active during the second half of the 20th Century. Category:Defunct companies based in New York (state) Category:Submarine pioneers "
"Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science. Cosmology and ontology are traditional branches of metaphysics. It is concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world.Geisler, Norman L. "Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics" page 446. Baker Books, 1999 Someone who studies metaphysics can be called either a "metaphysician" or a "metaphysicist".Random House Dictionary Online A Absolute idealism -- Absolute time and space -- Abstract object -- Absurdism -- Accident (philosophy) -- Accidentalism (philosophy) -- Action theory (philosophy) Actualism -- Adolph Stöhr -- Alfred North Whitehead Alvin Plantinga -- Ananda Coomaraswamy -- Anti-realism -- Apologism -- Arda Denkel -- Aristotelianism -- Aristotle -- Arthur Schopenhauer -- Axiology B Baruch Spinoza -- Being -- Bertrand Russell -- Bertrand Russell's views on philosophy -- Body hopping -- Borussian myth -- Brian Leftow -- Bundle theory -- C C. D. Broad -- Carlo Michelstaedter -- Categories of the understanding -- Category of being -- Causality -- Charles François d'Abra de Raconis -- Choice -- Church of Divine Science -- Clinamen -- Cogito ergo sum Compatibilism and incompatibilism -- Conatus -- Concept -- Conceptualism -- Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments -- Container space -- Counterpart theory -- Creative visualization -- D Damon Young -- David Kellogg Lewis -- David Kolb -- David Wiggins -- Dean Zimmerman -- Dermot Moran -- Determinism -- Dickinson S. Miller -- Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit -- Doctrine of internal relations -- Donald Davidson (philosopher) -- Dorothy Emmet -- Downward causation -- Dualistic cosmology -- Duns Scotus -- Duration (Bergson) -- Dynamism (metaphysics) -- Dysteleology -- E Edward N. Zalta -- Elbow Room (Dennett book) -- Eleatics -- Embodied cognition -- Emergence -- Endurantism -- Entity -- Essence -- Essentialism -- Eternalism (philosophy of time) -- Eternity of the world -- Event (philosophy) -- Evil demon -- Exemplification theory -- Existence -- Existentialism -- Experience -- Extension (metaphysics) -- F Face-to-face -- Ferdinando Cazzamalli -- Form -- Formal distinction -- Fragmentalism -- Frankfurt counterexamples -- Free will -- Free will in antiquity -- Frithjof Schuon -- G Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel -- George Berkeley -- G. E. Moore -- Gerardus Everardus Tros -- Gilbert Simondon -- Gottfried Leibniz -- Graham Priest -- Growing block universe -- Gunk (mereology) -- H Hilary Putnam -- Hindu idealism -- Human spirit -- Humanistic naturalism -- Huna (New Thought) -- Hylomorphism -- Hylozoism -- I Ian Rumfitt -- Idea -- Idealism -- Identity and change -- Identity (philosophy) -- Identityism -- Immanence -- Immanuel Kant -- Impenetrability -- Indefinite monism -- Indeterminism -- Information -- Inherence -- Intention -- Introduction to Metaphysics (Bergson) -- Intuition (Bergson) -- Involution (philosophy) -- Irrealism (philosophy) -- J Jay Rosenberg -- Jean-Paul Sartre -- Jewish Science -- John Hawthorne -- John Locke -- Joseph Murphy (author) -- Judith Jarvis Thomson -- K Kit Fine -- L Law of attraction (New Thought) -- Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever -- Libertarianism (metaphysics) -- List of metaphysicians -- Logical atomism -- Logical holism -- Ludwig Wittgenstein M Mahmoud Khatami -- Marcus Fronius -- Martin Heidegger Mary Ellen Tracy -- Material monism -- Material substratum -- Materialism -- Matter (philosophy) -- Meaning (existential) -- Meaning of life -- Mechanism (philosophy) -- Meditations on First Philosophy -- Meliorism -- Melissus of Samos -- Mental representation -- Meta-ontology -- Metametaphysics -- Metaphysical naturalism -- Metaphysical nihilism -- Metaphysical Society -- Metaphysical Society of America -- Metaphysics -- Michael Devitt -- Mind -- Mind-body dualism -- Monism -- Morris Lichtenstein -- Motion (physics) N Nathan Salmon -- Natural law -- Naturalism (philosophy) -- Necessary and sufficient condition -- New Age -- New Thought -- Nihilism Nominalism -- Non-essentialism -- Noneism -- Notion (philosophy) -- Noumenon -- O Object -- Objective idealism -- Objectivism (Ayn Rand) -- Ontological pluralism -- Ontology -- Open individualism Organicism -- Other -- P P. F. Strawson -- Parmenides -- Participation (philosophy) -- Particular -- Pattern -- Paul Benacerraf -- Paul Weiss (philosopher) -- Perception -- Perdurantism -- Personal identity -- Peter Glassen -- Peter Unger -- Peter van Inwagen -- Peter Wessel Zapffe -- Phenomenalism -- Philosophical realism -- Philosophical theology -- Philosophy -- Philosophy of mind -- Philosophy of Organism -- Philosophy of space and time -- Philosophy of Spinoza -- Physical body -- Physicalism -- Physis -- Pirsig's metaphysics of Quality -- Plato -- (Plato) The cave -- (Plato) The divided line -- (Plato) The Sun -- Platonic idealism -- Platonic realism -- Plotinus -- Pluralism (philosophy) -- Practical Metaphysics -- Predeterminism -- Primary/secondary quality distinction -- Principle -- Principle of individuation -- Projectivism -- Property (philosophy) -- Psychonautics -- Q Qualia -- Quality (philosophy) -- Quantity -- Quiddity -- Quietism -- R Rational mysticism -- Reality -- Reductionism -- Reflexive monism -- Relational space -- Relativism -- Religious Science -- René Descartes -- Rhonda Byrne -- Robert Merrihew Adams -- Robert Stalnaker -- S Saul Kripke -- Scientific realism -- Self (philosophy) -- Shadworth Hodgson -- Simple (philosophy) -- Simulacra and Simulation -- Simulated reality -- Simulation hypothesis -- Simulism -- Solipsism -- Soul -- Space -- Species (metaphysics) -- Speculative realism -- Stoic categories -- Stuart Wilde -- Subject -- Subject (philosophy) -- Subjectivism -- Substance -- Substance theory -- Sufi metaphysics -- Supervenience -- T Teaism -- Teleology -- Temporal finitism -- Temporal parts -- Terence Parsons -- The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity Illustrated -- The Philosophical Library -- The Realms of Being -- Theoretical physics -- Theory of everything (philosophy) -- Theory of Forms -- Theosophy -- Thomas Aquinas -- Thought -- Time -- Transcendental idealism -- Transcendental perspectivism -- Trenton Merricks -- Truth -- Truth-value link -- Tychism -- Type (metaphysics) -- U Unity Church -- Universal (metaphysics) -- Universal mind -- Universal reason -- Universality (philosophy) -- Unobservable -- V Value (ethics) -- Voluntarism (metaphysics) -- W Wallace Wattles -- Will (philosophy) -- Will to live -- Willard Van Orman Quine -- William Alston -- William Desmond (philosopher) -- William Lycan -- Wolfgang Smith -- World Hypotheses -- World Z Zeno of Elea References Metaphysics Category:Metaphysics "