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"John Edwin (c. 1768 – 22 February 1805) was an English stage actor, active over the late-18th and early-19th centuries. Life and career Known as John Edwin the younger, he was the son of the English actor John Edwin. An early mention of Edwin's name comes in a 1777 correspondence between his father and George Colman the Elder in which the elder Edwin offers the theatre manager the use of his wife and son Jack in return for a salary advancement. On 30 July 1778, Edwin debuted as Hengo at London's Haymarket Theatre in a revival of Bonduca, written by Beaumont and Fletcher. Over his early years, Edwin often appeared with his father at the Haymarket or the Old Orchard Street Theatre in Bath, Somerset. His first known adult role as Dick in The Apprentice of Murphy, came in a benefit performance for his ailing father at London's Covent Garden Theatre on 26 March 1788. Edwin later befriended Richard Barry, 7th Earl of Barrymore, and for some years performed in amateur theatre productions staged at a theatre Barry had built near his home in Wargrave, Berkshire.Robinson, John Robert (1894). The Last Earls of Barrymore. pp. 111-113\. Retrieved 13 October 2012. In 1791, Edwin married actress Elizabeth Rebecca Richards, the daughter of actor William Talbot Richards (died 1813). Edwin soon brought his bride to Wargrave, where her extended stay eventually caused friction between his wife and Tate Wilkinson, manager of the York circuit. On 20 June 1792, the two appeared together at the Haymarket in The Virgin Unmasked taken from An Old Man Taught Wisdom. The play was a ballad farce written by Henry Fielding in which Edwin played Blister to his wife's Lucy. Edwin escorted his wife to Dublin and Doncaster in 1794, and traveled with her on most of her provincial tours over the remainder of their marriage. Death Edwin drank himself to death one night in Dublin on 22 February 1805 after a satirical poem, ascribed to John Wilson Croker, called Edwin, the "lubbard spouse of Mrs. Edwin", and "the degenerate son of a man 'high on the rolls of comic fame". A tombstone, erected by Elizabeth Rebecca Edwin in St. Werburgh's churchyard, Dublin, attributes her husband's death to the acuteness of his sensibility. > Edwin was best known at Bath, where he was held in some parts equal or > superior to his father, he was an excellent country actor, and would > probably, but for his irregular life, have made a high reputation. Tate > Wilkinson praises his Lenitive in "The Prize" and his Nipperkin in "The > Sprigs of Laurel," and says that as Mr. Tag in "The Spoil'd Child" he is > better than any comedian he (Wilkinson) has hitherto seen. He adds that Mr. > Edwin dresses his characters better and more characteristic than any comic > actor I recollect on the York stage' (Wandering Patentee, iv. 204). > Dictionary of National Biography, 1908. See also * List of British actors and actresses * List of English people ReferencesExternal links *John Edwin's portrait, British Museum Category:1768 births Category:1805 deaths Category:18th-century English male actors Category:19th-century English male actors Category:Male actors from Berkshire Category:Male actors from London Category:British expatriate actors Category:Culture in Bath, Somerset Category:Culture in Berkshire Category:Culture in Dublin (city) Category:English expatriates in Ireland Category:English male stage actors Category:English male actors who committed suicide Category:People from Bath, Somerset Category:People from Dublin (city) Category:People from Wargrave Category:Suicides in Ireland Category:Alcohol- related deaths in Ireland "
"In physics, dynamic speckle is a result of the temporal evolution of a speckle pattern where variations in the scattering elements responsible for the formation of the interference pattern in the static situation produce the changes that are seen in the speckle pattern, where its grains change their intensity (grey level) as well as their shape along time. One easy to observe example is milk: place some milk in a teaspoon and observe the surface in direct sunlight. There will be a visible "dancing" pattern of coloured points. Where the milk dries on the spoon at the edge, the speckle is seen to be static. This is direct evidence of the thermal motion of atoms, which cause the Brownian motion of the colloidal particles in the milk, which in turn results in the dynamic speckle visible to the naked eye. Biospeckle laser image sequence of a maize seed. Information content The dynamic pattern shows then the changes that, if they are analyzed along time, represent the activity of the illuminated material. The visual effect is that of a boiling liquid or the image in a TV set far from tuning. It can be analyzed by means of several mathematical and statistical tools and provide numeric or visual information on its magnitude, the not well defined idea of activity. Because the number of scattering centers is very high the collective phenomenon is hard to interpret and their individual contributions to the final result can not be inferred. The measurements that are obtained by means of the analysis tools present the activity level as a sum of the contributions of phenomena due to Doppler effect of the scattered light as well as other phenomena eventually present (time variations of the refractive index of the sample, etc.) Light scattered with small Doppler shifts in its frequency beats on the detector (eventually the eye) giving rise to the slow intensity variations that constitute the dynamic of the speckle pattern. A biological sample, for example, that is a material that contains a huge number of mobile scattering centers, presents refractive index variations in the materials that compose it with power changes as well as many other effects increasing the complexity in the identification and isolation of these phenomena. Then, the complete interpretation of the activity of a sample, by means of dynamic speckle, presents itself big challenges. Figure 1 shows a sequence of speckle patterns in a corn seed in the start of its germination process where the dynamic effect is higher in the areas where the scattering centers are expected to be more active as is the case of the embryo and in a break in the endosperm region of the seed. The embryo is in the lower left side and the break is a river-like region in the center. In the crack, the activity is due to intensive inner water evaporation while in the embryo activity is higher due to metabolism of the alive tissue together with the activity caused by water evaporation. In the endosperm, the high right region of the image represents that the relatively low activity is due only to water evaporation. Applications Biological tissue is one of the most complex that can be found in nature. Besides it is worsened by the intrinsic variability present between one sample and another. These facts make even more difficult the comparison of results between different samples even in presence of the same stimulus. In this context, speckle patterns have been applied to study bacteria,Murialdo, S; et al. "Analysis of bacterial chemotactic response using dynamic laser speckle". J. Biomed. Opt. 14(6) (2009) 064015.Ramírez-Miquet, EE; et al. "Escherichia coli activity characterization using a laser dynamic speckle technique". Rev. Cub. Fis. 28(1E) (2011) pp. 1E13-1E17. parasites, seeds and plants. Other fields of application are the analysis of drying paint, control in gels,Cabelo, CI; et al. Hydrophilic character study of silica-gel by a laser dynamic speckle method. Rev. Cub. Fis. 25(2A) (2008) pp. 67-69 foams, corrosion, efflorescence, etc. Dynamic Speckle analysis Generalized differences of a corn seed with pseudo-colors representing the level of activities, with high activity represented by red, and low activity represented by blue. Several mathematical and statistical tools have been proposed for the characterization of the activity of a dynamic speckle pattern. Some of them are: ;Inertia Moment of the Co-Occurrence matrix (MOC) MI = \sum { MOC (i,j) * (i-j)^2 }\,! ;Fujii Fujii(x,y) = \sum_{k=1}^{N} \frac{ I_k (x,y) - I_{k+1} (x,y) }{ I_k (x,y) + I_{k+1} (x,y) }\,! ;Generalized differences DG(x,y) = \sum_{k} \sum_{l}{ I_k (x,y) - I_{k+l} (x,y) }\,! ;Temporal difference D(k) = \sum_{m=1}^{M} \sum_{n=1}^{N}{ E (m,n,k+1) - E (m,n,k) }\,! These and other methods are gathered in Biospeckle laser tool library. See also *Speckle pattern *Speckle noise *Speckle imaging References Patent http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AR5324365&recNum;=1&docAn;=P060104012&queryString;=055432&maxRec;=1, http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AR5324365 Category:Optics Category:Interference "
"The Ssbp, Topoisomerase, Antirestriction, XerDC Integrase RNA motif (STAXI RNA motif) is a conserved RNA-like structure identified using bioinformatics. STAXI RNAs are located near to genes encoding proteins that interact with DNA (Ssbp, topoisomerase, XerDC integrase) or are associated with such proteins (antirestriction proteins, which inhibit restriction enzymes). This observation raised the possibility that instances of the STAXI motif function as single-stranded DNA molecules, perhaps during DNA replication or DNA repair. On the other hand, STAXI motifs often contain terminal loops conforming to the stable UNCG tetraloop, but the DNA version of this tetraloop (TNCG) is not especially stable. The STAXI motif consists of a simple pseudoknot structure that is repeated two or more times (see diagram). A number of other RNAs were identified in the same study, including: *Bacteroidales-1 RNA motif *Chlorobi-1 RNA motif *JUMPstart RNA motif *Lactis- plasmid RNA motif *Ocean-V RNA motif *potC RNA motif *psaA RNA motif *TwoAYGGAY RNA motif *ykkC-yxkD leader ReferencesExternal links * Category:Non-coding RNA "