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"Li Jianshu (; born 1959), also known as Jian-Shu Li, is a Chinese mathematician working in representation theory and automorphic forms. He is the founding director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics at Zhejiang University and Professor Emeritus at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Early life and education Li was born in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, China. He graduated from Xiaoshan Middle School. Li studied mathematics at the Department of Mathematics at Zhejiang University. He obtained his Ph.D. in mathematics from Yale University under the supervision of Roger Evans Howe in 1987. Career Li was a Moore Instructor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a professor at the University of Maryland, College Park. Li is Professor Emeritus at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and has previously served as President of the Hong Kong Mathematical Society and as Chang Jiang Chair Professor of Zhejiang University. Li is the founding director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics at Zhejiang University Awards and honors Li was a recipient of a Sloan Research Fellowship in 1992 and an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in 1994 (Section: Lie Groups). He has been a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) since 2013. Selected works * "Singular unitary representations of classical groups", Invent. Math. 97 (1989), no. 2, 237–255. * "Nonvanishing theorems for the cohomology of certain arithmetic quotients", J. Reine Angew. Math. 428 (1992), 177–217. * "Theta lifting for unitary representations with nonzero cohomology", Duke Math. J. 61 (1990), no. 3, 913–937. * "On the classification of irreducible low rank unitary representations of classical groups", Compositio Math. 71 (1989), no. 1, 29–48. * "Ramanujan duals and automorphic spectrum", with M. Burger and P. Sarnak, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 26 (1992), no. 2, 253–257. ReferencesExternal links * Hong Kong Mathematical Society * LI Jian-Shu's homepage at Zhejiang University * LI Jian-Shu's homepage at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology * Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics at Zhejiang University Category:1959 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century Hong Kong mathematicians Category:21st-century mathematicians Category:Educators from Hangzhou Category:Hong Kong University of Science and Technology faculty Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty Category:Mathematicians from Zhejiang Category:Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Category:Scientists from Hangzhou Category:University of Maryland, College Park faculty Category:Yale University alumni Category:Zhejiang University alumni Category:Zhejiang University faculty "
"Several alternatives to the Ten Commandments have been promulgated by different persons and groups, which intended to improve on the lists of laws known as the Ten Commandments that appear in the Bible. Lists of these kinds exist in many different cultures and times. They are sometimes given names – for example, the Hindu Yamas. Examples = Bertrand Russell (1951) Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate. He formulated these ten commandments: > # Do not feel absolutely certain of anything. # Do not think it worthwhile > to proceed by concealing evidence, for the evidence is sure to come to > light. # Never try to discourage thinking for you are sure to succeed. # > When you meet with opposition, even if it should be from your husband or > your children, endeavour to overcome it by argument and not by authority, > for a victory dependent upon authority is unreal and illusory. # Have no > respect for the authority of others, for there are always contrary > authorities to be found. # Do not use power to suppress opinions you think > pernicious, for if you do the opinions will suppress you. # Do not fear to > be eccentric in opinion, for every opinion now accepted was once eccentric. > # Find more pleasure in intelligent dissent than in passive agreement, for, > if you value intelligence as you should, the former implies a deeper > agreement than the latter. # Be scrupulously truthful, even if the truth is > inconvenient, for it is more inconvenient when you try to conceal it. # Do > not feel envious of the happiness of those who live in a fool's paradise, > for only a fool will think that it is happiness. Anton LaVey (1967) Anton Lavey was an American author, musician, and occultist. He was the founder of the Church of Satan and LaVeyan Satanism and published "The Eleven Satanic Rules of the Earth": > # Do not give opinions or advice unless you are asked. # Do not tell your > troubles to others unless you are sure they want to hear them. # When in > another's home, show them respect or else do not go there. # If a guest in > your home annoys you, treat him cruelly and without mercy. # Do not make > sexual advances unless you are given the mating signal. # Do not take that > which does not belong to you unless it is a burden to the other person and > they cry out to be relieved. # Acknowledge the power of magic if you have > employed it successfully to obtain your desires. # Do not complain about > anything to which you need not subject yourself. # Do not harm little > children. # Do not kill non-human animals unless you are attacked or for > your food. # When walking in open territory, bother no one. If someone > bothers you, ask them to stop. If they do not stop, destroy them. Summum (1975) Summum is an informal gathering of people registered as a tax exempt organization in the state of Utah, U.S., in 1975. Summum contradicts the historical Biblical account of the Ten Commandments by claiming that, before returning with the Commandments, Moses descended from Mount Sinai with a first set of tablets inscribed with seven principles they call aphorisms. According to the group, the seven principles are: > # SUMMUM is MIND, thought; the universe is a mental creation. # As above, so > below; as below, so above. # Nothing rests; everything moves; everything > vibrates. # Everything is dual; everything has an opposing point; everything > has its pair of opposites; like and unlike are the same; opposites are > identical in nature, but different in degree; extremes bond; all truths are > but partial truths; all paradoxes may be reconciled. # Everything flows out > and in; everything has its season; all things rise and fall; the pendulum > swing expresses itself in everything; the measure of the swing to the right > is the measure of the swing to the left; rhythm compensates. # Every cause > has its effect; every effect has its cause; everything happens according to > Law; Chance is just a name for Law not recognized; there are many fields of > causation, but nothing escapes the Law of Destiny. # Gender is in > everything; everything has its masculine and feminine principles; Gender > manifests on all levels. George Carlin (2004) George Carlin was an American stand-up comedian, social critic, actor and author. In his twelfth HBO stand-up comedy special Complaints and Grievances, Carlin reduces the Ten Commandments to three:http://apatheticagnostic.com/articles/reflections/ref01/ref014d06.html > # Thou shalt always be honest and faithful, especially to the provider of > thy nookie. # Thou shalt try real hard not to kill anyone - unless, of > course, they pray to a different, invisible man in the sky. # Thou shalt > keep thy religion to thyself. Ten Offers of Evolutionary Humanism (2005) In his 2005 book Manifesto of Evolutionary Humanism German philosopher Michael Schmidt-Salomon devised "The Ten Offers of Evolutionary Humanism". In short, they read as follows:Michael Schmidt-Salomon. 2005. Manifesto of Evolutionary Humanism, Aschaffenburg: Alibri Verlag, p.136-139. > # Serve neither foreign nor familiar "gods" but rather the great ideal of > ethics to lessen the suffering in the world. To possess science, philosophy > and art means not to need religion! # Behave fairly to your neighbour and > also to those farthest away! # Have no fear of authorities, but rather the > courage to reason for yourself! # You shall not lie, cheat, steal or kill – > unless, in an emergency, there is no other way of asserting the ideals of > humanity! # Free yourself from the bad habit of moralizing! # Do not > immunize yourself against criticism! # Do not be too confident! But even > doubt should be doubted! # Overcome any tendency towards tradition blindness > by informing yourself in depth from all sides before making a decision! # > Enjoy your life because it is highly probable that it will be the only one > you have! # Put your life in the service of a "greater cause", become a part > of the tradition of those who desire(d) to make the world a better place in > which to live. Richard Dawkins (2006) Richard Dawkins is an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and author. These are the alternative to the Ten Commandments, cited by Dawkins in his book The God Delusion: > #Do not do to others what you would not want them to do to you. # In all > things, strive to cause no harm. # Treat your fellow human beings, your > fellow living things, and the world in general with love, honesty, > faithfulness and respect. # Do not overlook evil or shrink from > administering justice, but always be ready to forgive wrongdoing freely > admitted and honestly regretted. # Live life with a sense of joy and wonder. > # Always seek to be learning something new. # Test all things; always check > your ideas against the facts, and be ready to discard even a cherished > belief if it does not conform to them. # Never seek to censor or cut > yourself off from dissent; always respect the right of others to disagree > with you. # Form independent opinions on the basis of your own reason and > experience; do not allow yourself to be led blindly by others. # Question > everything. Dawkins uses these proposed commandments to make a larger point that "it is the sort of list that any ordinary, decent person today would come up with". He then adds four more of his own devising: > * Enjoy your own sex life (so long as it damages nobody else) and leave > others to enjoy theirs in private whatever their inclinations, which are > none of your business. * Do not discriminate or oppress on the basis of sex, > race or (as far as possible) species. * Do not indoctrinate your children. > Teach them how to think for themselves, how to evaluate evidence, and how to > disagree with you. * Value the future on a timescale longer than your own. Christopher Hitchens (2010) Christopher Hitchens was an English American author, columnist, essayist, orator, religious and literary critic, social critic, and journalist. His new Ten Commandments are:Hitchens, Christopher, "The New Commandments", Vanity Fair, April 2010 > # Do not condemn people on the basis of their ethnicity or their color. # Do > not ever even think of using people as private property, or as owned, or as > slaves. # Despise those who use violence or the threat of it in sexual > relations. # Hide your face and weep if you dare to harm a child. # Do not > condemn people for their inborn nature — why would God create so many > homosexuals only in order to torture and destroy them? # Be aware that you, > too, are an animal, and dependent on the web of nature. Try and think and > act accordingly. # Do not imagine that you can escape judgement if you rob > people with a false prospectus rather than with a knife. # Turn off that > cell phone — you can have no idea how unimportant your call is to us. # > Denounce all jihadists and crusaders for what they are: psychopathic > criminals with ugly delusions. And terrible sexual repressions. # Be willing > to renounce any god or any faith if any holy commandments should contradict > any of the above. ::* In short: Don't swallow your moral code in tablet > form. Bayer and Figdor's Ten Non-Commandments (2014) As detailed in the book Atheist Mind, Humanist Heart: Re-writing the Ten Commandments for the Twenty- first Century by Lex Bayer and the Stanford Humanist Chaplain John Figdor, it is devoted to the subject of creating a secular alternative to the Ten Commandments and encouraging readers to formulate and discover their own list of beliefs. > # The world is real, and our desire to understand the world is the basis for > belief. # We can perceive the world only through our human senses. # We use > rational thought and language as tools for understanding the world. # All > truth is proportional to the evidence. # There is no God. # We all strive to > live a happy life. We pursue things that make us happy and avoid things that > do not. # There is no universal moral truth. Our experiences and preferences > shape our sense of how to behave. # We act morally when the happiness of > others makes us happy. # We benefit from living in, and supporting, an > ethical society. # All our beliefs are subject to change in the face of new > evidence, including these. The Atheists' New Ten Commandments (2015) These are the ten winning beliefs of the Rethink Prize, a crowdsourcing competition to rethink the Ten Commandments. The contest drew more than 2,800 submissions from 18 countries and 27 U.S. states. Winners were selected by a panel of judges. > # Be open-minded and be willing to alter your beliefs with new evidence. # > Strive to understand what is most likely to be true, not to believe what you > wish to be true. # The scientific method is the most reliable way of > understanding the natural world. # Every person has the right to control of > their body. # God is not necessary to be a good person or to live a full and > meaningful life. # Be mindful of the consequences of all your actions and > recognize that you must take responsibility for them. # Treat others as you > would want them to treat you, and can reasonably expect them to want to be > treated. Think about their perspective. # We have the responsibility to > consider others, including future generations. # There is no one right way > to live. # Leave the world a better place than you found it. Ten Indian Commandments (not dated) The Bird Clan of East Central Alabama has the Ten Native American Commandments. > # Remain close to the Great Spirit. # Show great respect for your fellow > beings. # Give assistance and kindness wherever needed. # Be truthful and > honest at all times. # Do what you know to be right. # Look after the well > being of mind and body. # Treat the earth and all that dwell there on with > respect. # Take full responsibility for your actions. # Dedicate a share of > your efforts to the greater good. # Work together for the benefit of all man > kind. See also *The Eleventh Commandment (Ronald Reagan) *Moral Code of the Builder of Communism *Three Laws of Robotics References External links * 10 Humanist Commandments * Eight I'd Really Rather You Didn'ts Category:Codes of conduct Alternatives "
"View from around the Asnæs power station. Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park is an industrial symbiosis network located in Kalundborg, Denmark, in which companies in the region collaborate to use each other's by-products and otherwise share resources. The Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park is the first full realization of industrial symbiosis. The collaboration and its environmental implications arose unintentionally through private initiatives, as opposed to government planning, making it a model for private planning of eco-industrial parks. At the center of the exchange network is the Asnæs Power Station, a 1500MW coal-fired power plant, which has material and energy links with the community and several other companies. Surplus heat from this power plant is used to heat 3500 local homes in addition to a nearby fish farm, whose sludge is then sold as a fertilizer. Steam from the power plant is sold to Novo Nordisk, a pharmaceutical and enzyme manufacturer, in addition to Statoil oil refinery. This reuse of heat reduces the amount thermal pollution discharged to a nearby fjord. Additionally, a by-product from the power plant's sulfur dioxide scrubber contains gypsum, which is sold to a wallboard manufacturer. Almost all of the manufacturer's gypsum needs are met this way, which reduces the amount of open-pit mining needed. Furthermore, fly ash and clinker from the power plant is used for road building and cement production. These exchanges of waste, water and materials have greatly increased environmental and economic efficiency, as well as created other less tangible benefits for these actors, including sharing of personnel, equipment, and information. History The Kalundborg Industrial Park was not originally planned for industrial symbiosis. Its current state of waste heat and materials sharing developed over a period of 20 years. Early sharing at Kalundborg tended to involve the sale of waste products without significant pretreatment. Each further link in the system was negotiated as an independent business deal, and was established only if it was expected to be economically beneficial. The park began in 1959 with the start up of the Asnæs Power Station. The first episode of sharing between two entities was in 1972 when Gyproc, a plaster-board manufacturing plant, established a pipeline to supply gas from Tidewater Oil Company. In 1981 the Kalundborg municipality completed a district heating distribution network within the city of Kalundborg, which utilized waste heat from the power plant.National Research Council (1998). The Ecology of Industry: Sector and Linkages. Washington DC: The National Academies Press. Print. Since then, the facilities in Kalundborg have been expanding, and have been sharing a variety of materials and waste products, some for the purpose of industrial symbiosis and some out of necessity, for example, freshwater scarcity in the area has led to water reuse schemes. In particular, 700,000 cubic meters per year of cooling water is piped from Statoil to Asnaes per year. A timeline of the creation of the industrial park: * 1959 The Asnæs Power Station was started up * 1961 Tidewater Oil Company constructed a pipeline from Lake Tissø to provide water for its operation * 1963 Tidewater Oil Company's oil refinery is taken over by Esso * 1972 Gyproc establishes plaster-board manufacturing plant. A pipeline from the refinery to the Gyproc facility is constructed to supply excess refinery gas * 1973 The Asnæs Power Station is expanded. A connection is built to the Lake Tissø- Statoil pipeline * 1976 Novo Nordisk starts delivering biological sludge to neighboring farms * 1979 Asnæs Power Station starts supplying fly ash to cement manufacturers in northern Denmark * 1981 the Kalundborg municipality completes a district heating distribution network within the city that utilizes waste heat from the power plant * 1982 Novo Nordisk and the Statoil refinery complete construction of steam supply pipelines from the power plant. By purchasing process steam from the power plant, the companies are able to shut down inefficient steam boilers * 1987 The Statoil refinery completes a pipeline to supply its effluent cooling water to the power plant for use as raw boiler feed water. * 1989 The power plant starts using waste heat from its salt cooling water to produce trout and turbot at its local fish farm * 1989 Novo Nordisk enters into agreement with Kalundborg municipality, the power plant, and the refinery to connect to the water supply grid from Lake Tissø * 1990 The Statoil refinery completes construction of a sulphur recovery plant. The recovered sulphur is sold as raw material to a sulfuric acid manufacturer in Fredericia * 1991 The Statoil refinery commissions the building of a pipeline to supply biologically treated refinery effluent water to the power plant for cleaning purposes, and for fly ash stabilization * 1992 The Statoil refinery commissions the building of a pipeline to supply flare gas to the power plant as a supplementary fuel * 1993 The power plant completes a stack flue gas desulfurization project. The resulting calcium sulphate is sold to Gyproc, where it replaces imported natural gypsum The Symbiosis The relationships among the firms comprising the Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park form an industrial symbiosis. Generally speaking, the actors involved in the symbiosis at Kalundborg exchange material wastes, energy, water, and information. The Kalundborg network involves a number of actors, including a power station, two big energy firms, a plaster board company, and a soil remediation company. Other actors include farmers, recycling facilities, and fish factories that use some of the material flows. Kalundborg Municipality plays an active role. Additionally, other actors, such as Novoren, a recycling and urban land field firm, are formally part of the network but do not contribute tangibly in the exchange. A researcher studying the evolution of the Kalundborg Symbiosis concluded that a high level of trust between the actors involved represented an essential element to collaborative success. Partners A flowchart to show the material sharing between entities in the Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park The Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park today includes nine private and public enterprises, some of which are some of the largest enterprises in Denmark. The enterprises are: * Novo Nordisk - Danish company and largest producer of insulin in the world * Novozymes - Danish company and largest enzyme producer in the world * Gyproc - French producer of gypsum board * Kalundborg Municipality * Ørsted A/S - owner of Asnaes Power Station, the largest power plant in Denmark * RGS 90 - Danish soil remediation and recovery company * Statoil - Norwegian company which owns Denmark's largest oil refinery * Kara/Novoren - Danish waste treatment company * Kalundborg Forsyning A/S - water and heat supplier, as well as waste disposer, for Kalundborg citizens Material Exchanges This matrix shows which actors in the Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park interact with each other. There are currently over thirty exchanges of materials among the actors of Kalundborg. The Asnaes Power Station is at the heart of the network. The power company gives its steam residuals to the Statoil Refinery, meeting 40% of its steam requirements, in exchange for waste gas from the refinery. The power plant creates electricity and steam from this gas. These products are sent to a fish farm and Novo Nordisk, who receive all of their required steam from Asnaes, and a heating system that supplies 3500 homes. These homeowners pay for the underground piping that supplies their heat, but receive the heat reliably and at a low price. Fly ash from Asnaes is sent to a cement company, and gypsum from its desulfurization process is sent to Gyproc for use in gypsum board. Two-thirds of Gyproc's gypsum needs are met by Asnaes. Statoil Refinery removes sulfur from its natural gas and sells it to a sulfuric acid manufacturer, Kemira. The fish farm sells sludge from its ponds as fertilizer to nearby farms, and Novo Nordisk gives away its own sludge, of which it produces 3,000 cubic meters per day. The sludge is to be refined for biogas for the power plant. Water reuse schemes have also been developed within Kalundborg. Statoil pipes 700,000 cubic meters of cooling water per year to Asnaes, which purifies it and uses it as "boiler feed-water." Asnaes also uses approximately 200,000 cubic meters of Statoil's treated wastewater per year for cleaning. The 90 °C residual heat from the refinery is not used for district heating due to taxes. Instead, heat pumps are used with the 24 °C waste water as a heat reservoir. Savings and Environmental Impacts Annual wastes avoided in Kalundborg as of 1997 Annual resource savings in Kalundborg as of 1997 Since its start over 25 years ago, Kalundborg has been operating successfully as an eco-industrial park. One of the main goals of industrial symbiosis is to make goods and services that use the least-cost combination of inputs. These relationships were formed on an economic and environmental basis.Desrochers, Pierre (2001). "Cities and Industrial Symbiosis: Some Historical Perspectives and Policy Implications." Journal of Industrial Ecology 5.4 : 29-44. Print. As mentioned above, there are over thirty exchanges occurring in Kalundborg. While Kalundborg does operate using trades between various firms in the vicinity, it itself is not self-sufficient or contained to the industrial park. There are many trades that occur with companies outside of this park region. All of these exchanges have contributed to water savings, and savings in fuel and input chemicals. Wastes were also avoided through these interchanges. For example, in 1997, Asnaes (the power station) saved 30,000 tons of coal (~2% of throughput) by using Statoil (large oil refinery) fuel gas. And 200,000 tons of fly ash and clinker were avoided from Asnaes landfill. These resources savings and waste avoidances, documented before 1997, are illustrated in the tables to the right. A study in 2002 showed that these exchanges also contributed to more than 95% of the total water supply to the power plant. This is up from 70% in 1990. So, the system is becoming more comprehensive in its ability to save groundwater, however, there is still room for improvement. Out of the 1.2 million m3 of wastewater discharged from Statoil (the refinery), only 9000 m3 were reused at the power plant.Jacobsen, Noel Brings (2006). "Industrial Symbiosis in Kalundborg, Denmark: A Quantitative Assessment of Economic and Environmental Aspects." Journal of Industrial Ecology 10.1-2: 239-55. Print. More recent numbers show a vast improvement, when comparing to the numbers from 1997, in resource savings. Data from around 2004 show annual savings of 2.9 million cubic meters of ground water, and 1 million cubic meters of surface water. Gypsum savings are estimated around 170,000 tons, and sulfur dioxide waste avoidance is estimated around 53 Tn. These numbers are mostly estimations. Aspects of the eco-industrial park have changed, and there are many levels to consider when doing these calculations. All together though, these interchanges have shown annual savings of up to $15 million (US), with investments around $78.5 million (US). The total accumulated savings is estimated around $310 million (US). As a Model Kalundborg was the first example of separate industries grouping together to gain competitive advantage by material exchange, energy exchange, information exchange, and/or product exchange. The very term, Industrial Symbiosis (IS) was first defined by a station manager in Kalundborg as "a cooperation between different industries by which the presence of each…increases the viability of the others, and by which the demands of society for resource savings and environmental protection are considered" .Chertow, Marian R (2007). ""Uncovering" Industrial Symbiosis." Journal of Industrial Ecology 11.1: 11-30. Print. Kalundborg's success helped generate interest in industrial symbiosis. Developed nations such as the United States began to formulate incentives for corporations to implement materials exchange with other corporations. Industrial and political circles began to look into the implementation of eco-industrial parks (EIPs). Specifically, the United States worked to put into service several planned EIPs. The U.S President's Council on Sustainable Development in 1996 proposed fifteen eco-industrial parks to pursue the idea of industrial symbiosis. These parks were created by grouping diverse stakeholders with common material flows together, with added governmental incentives to encourage materials exchange. The goal of these planned EIPs was to test if the industrial symbiosis that worked so well in Kalundborg could be replicated. The Council on Sustainable Development also defined 5 major characteristics of a successful EIP to help guide EIP development. These characteristics include: (1) some form of material exchange between multiple separate entities, (2) industries in close proximity to each other, (3) cooperation between plant management of the different corporations, (4) an existing infrastructure for material sharing that does not require much retooling, and (5) "anchor" tenants (large corporation with resources to support early implementation). Devens Regional Enterprise Zone is a good example of a successful EIP in the United States.Lowitt, Peter C (2008). "Devens Redevelopment: Emergence of a Successful Eco-Industrial Park in the United States." Journal of Industrial Ecology 12.4: 497-500. Print. Kalundborg became an attractive topic in academia as well because of the obvious sustainability advantages of industrial symbiosis. Research conducted on planning and implementation of eco-industrial parks revealed interesting results. Experts argued over the idea of "planned parks" versus "self organized parks". Research showed systematic failure of forced or planned EIPs. Most successful EIPs originate from industrial symbiosis that occurs naturally during industry life, much like the Kalundborg case. This conclusion served to deflate the momentum that the success of Kalundborg generated. Organizations began to recognize the difficulties associated with forcing eco- industrial parks to coalesce and abandoned the idea. See also * Eco- industrial park * EcoPark - EIP in Hong-Kong * Industrial ecology * Industrial symbiosis ReferencesExternal links *The Kalundborg Centre for Industrial Symbiosis *Indigo Development Eco-Industrial Park page and handbook *Existing and Developing Eco-Industrial Park Sites in the U.S. *The Kalundborg eco-industrial park with a perspective of sustainable city planning (Chinese version) Category:Industrial ecology Category:Industrial parks in Denmark Category:Waste processing sites "