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"HMAS Ararat (K34/M34), named for the city of Ararat, Victoria, was one of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes constructed during World War II, and one of 36 initially manned and commissioned solely by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Ararat is the only ship of the Bathurst class to carry a pennant number with the flag superior 'K': to honour Flower-class corvette lead ship , which was sunk in October 1941. Design and construction In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.Stevens, The Australian Corvettes, p. 1Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 103 The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least , and a range of Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–4 The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a top speed, and a range of , armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels.Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–5 Construction of the prototype did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 104 The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 (including Ararat) ordered by the RAN, 20 ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 105, 148Donohue, From Empire Defence to the Long Haul, p. 29Stevens et al., The Royal Australian Navy, p. 108 Ararat was laid down by Evans Deakin & Co in Brisbane on 6 July 1942. She was launched on 20 February 1943 by the wife of Arthur Fadden, then leader of the Australian Country Party and the Federal Opposition, and commissioned on 16 June 1943. Operational history Ararat entered active service in August 1943 escorting convoys firstly along the east coast of Australia, and later between Queensland and New Guinea. She continued in this role until March 1944, when she was transferred to Langemak, New Guinea for two months, performing escort and patrol duties in the waters of New Guinea and New Britain. During this time, she was the first ship of her class to visit several recently recaptured areas in New Britain. The corvette was under refit in Melbourne from May until July 1944, and on completion returned to New Guinea. She was transferred to United States Naval command on 11 August 1944, and was used to patrol the forward areas of the Allied offensive. During this time, Ararat was involved in the transportation of survivors from sister ship following her collision with United States tanker York on 19 October. Ararat left US command at the end of 1944, and spent the early part of 1945 operating in the Morotai area. She briefly visited Townsville in March 1945, and in June, the corvette was deployed to Borneo to support Australian troops. Ararat returned to Australia on 22 July for refits, and was in dock when the war ended. The corvette's wartime service was recognised by the battle honours "Pacific 1943–45" and "New Guinea 1943–44". Ararat was assigned to the 20th Minesweeping Flotilla on 22 October 1945, and was involved in clearing mines laid during the war; first in Australian waters, then around New Britain, New Ireland, and the Solomon Islands. This assignment was completed in November 1946, and on 11 April 1947 was decommissioned into reserve. Ararat remained in reserve until 6 January 1961, when she was sold to Burns Philip & Co Ltd of Darwin. She was later sold on to the Fujita Salvage Company of Japan, who used her to perform salvage operations in Darwin Harbour. Ararat left Darwin for Japan on 20 July 1961, towing a crane. After arriving in Japan, she was broken up for scrap. Footnotes # Although the source states that Gladiolus was a ship of the Royal Canadian Navy, the only ship of that name and pennant served with the Royal Navy. CitationsReferences ;Books ;Journal and news articles * External links Category:Bathurst-class corvettes of the Royal Australian Navy Category:Ships built in Queensland Category:1943 ships Category:World War II corvettes of Australia "
"Periwinkle may refer to: In fauna: * Periwinkle, a common name for a number of gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae ** Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) ** Austrolittorina unifasciata * Periwinkle, a regional name for the caddisfly larva In flora: * Catharanthus or Madagascar periwinkles **Catharanthus roseus or rosy periwinkle * Vinca or European periwinkles **Vinca major or greater periwinkle **Vinca minor or lesser periwinkle **Vinca herbacea or herbaceous periwinkle In other uses: *Periwinkle (color), a pale shade of blue *Periwinkle (film), a 1917 silent film by James Kirkwood *USS Periwinkle (1864), a steamer procured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War *Periwinkle Run, a stream in Ohio * Periwinkle, a character in Blue's Clues * Periwinkle, a character in Hunter’s Magical Adventures:Stratton Is Back' * Periwinkle, a character in The Bellflower Bunnies * Periwinkle, a character in the 2012 animated film Secret of the Wings from Disney * Periwinkle, the main character in Patricia A. McKillip's book, The Changeling Sea Category:Animal common name disambiguation pages "
"Four Corners report on the 1998 Australian waterfront dispute, presented by David Hardaker. Four Corners is an Australian investigative journalism/current affairs documentary television program, the longest of its kind nationally. Broadcast on ABC in HDTV, it premiered on 19 August 1961 and celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2011. Founding producer Robert Raymond (1961–62) and his successor Allan Ashbolt (1963) did much to set the ongoing tone of the program. The program is one of only five in Australia inducted into the Logie Hall of Fame. History Four Corners is based on the concept of British current affairs program Panorama. The program addresses a single issue in depth each week, showing either a locally produced program or a relevant documentary from overseas. The program has won many awards for investigative journalism. It has also broken high-profile stories. A notable early example of this was the show's 1962 exposé on the appalling living conditions endured by many Aboriginal Australians living in rural New South Wales. Notable episodes In sharp contrast to print media, television was the medium for critical accounts of Australia's role in the War in Vietnam. Four Corners, regardless of modest ratings, favoured the viewpoint of the antiwar and anti- conscription movements. 1980s In 1983, Four Corners aired allegations that then New South Wales Premier Neville Wran had tried to influence the magistracy over the dropping of fraud charges against Kevin Humphreys, charged with misappropriation of funds from the Balmain Leagues Club. Wran stood down and the Street Royal Commission, headed by the Chief Justice of NSW, Sir Laurence Street, was set up to inquire into this matter. Street found that the chief magistrate, Murray Farquhar, had used the Premier's name to get the Humphreys case dismissed, but exonerated Wran of any involvement. Farquhar was subsequently sent to prison. Together with articles in The Courier-Mail, a 1987 Four Corners story entitled "The Moonlight State" reported on police corruption in Queensland. The subsequent Royal Commission, known as the Fitzgerald Inquiry, found systematic corruption in various levels of government and led to the gaoling of police commissioner Terry Lewis, and the resignation and subsequent criminal trial of Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen. The program has investigated other cases of corruption in the New South Wales and Victorian police forces. Another report from 1985 helped to reveal that the French secret service had been responsible for the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior. 2000s A 2006 episode titled "Greenhouse Mafia", exposed the influence of the fossil fuel lobby on Australian climate change policy. In March 2009, an episode titled "The Dishonouring of Marcus Einfeld" aired; it detailed the events leading up to the conviction and sentencing of an Australian former federal court judge, Marcus Einfeld. Einfeld was convicted on charges of perjury and perverting the course of justice over a speeding ticket. "The Code of Silence", which aired 11 May 2009, was an investigative report on the attitudes towards and the treatment of women by National Rugby League players. The report focused primarily on two incidents involving NRL players and women who felt they had been exploited sexually. The mainstream media reported heavily on the subject for a number of weeks following the airing of "The Code of Silence". The Four Corners website has also won multiple awards, including two Walkley Awards and three AIMIA Awards for its Broadband Editions of the programs, which include exclusive interviews, analysis and background information on selected programs. 2010s On 8 March 2010, a program was aired shedding light on ex-members of the controversial Church of Scientology, many speaking of abuse and other forms of inhumane treatment, for example coerced abortions and disconnection.Quentin McDermott (8 March 2010). Scientology in the spotlight amid fresh allegations. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 30 March 2012.Quentin McDermott (8 March 2010). Scientology: The Ex-Files. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 30 March 2012. The program was of note due to Church spokesperson Tommy Davis "categorically [denying]" all allegations put forward by ex-members. All interviews were conducted by Four Corners journalist Quentin McDermott, and aired the same week that a Parliamentary vote was held for an inquiry into the Church after South Australian Senator Nick Xenophon brought Church abuse to light in November 2009.(18 November 2009). Scientology faces scrutiny after abuse allegations. WA Today. Fairfax Media. Retrieved on 30 March 2012.Chris Uhlmann (19 November 2009). Scientology under attack. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 30 March 2012. On 30 May 2011, the program aired an exposé on cruelty inflicted on Australian cattle exported to Indonesian abattoirs. As a result, there was a major public outcry at the practices and a petition launched by activist group GetUp! received more than 10,000 signatures overnight. This petition has received over 200,000 signatures.Ban Live Export. GetUp!. Retrieved on 30 March 2012. The next day, independent MP Andrew Wilkie and independent Senator Nick Xenophon lobbied for an immediate ban on live export to Indonesia, which was backed by the Federal Minister for Agriculture, Joe Ludwig. There was an immediate ban on the abattoirs featured in the graphic Four Corners program, which was followed by a six-month ban on all live trade to Indonesia. In February 2015, Four Corners uncovered widespread live baiting in the greyhound racing industry. The investigation revealed the use of live piglets, possums and rabbits to train racing greyhounds in three states. The revelation led to suspensions, resignations, inquiries and condemnation of the practice. The NSW Greyhound racing board was dismissed, and the Queensland Government dissolved all the Racing Queensland boards. On 26 July 2016, Four Corners aired graphic footage of systematic physical and verbal abuse of young Indigenous children and teenagers in the Northern Territory at Don Dale Youth Detention Centre. The episode caused outrage from the Australian public, prompting Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull to announce a Royal Commission into the abuse occurring in the Northern Territory. This episode also resulted in the head of the detention centre, John Elfernik, being stood down from his position. On 4 February 2019, Four Corners aired a report documenting the status of women's rights in Saudi Arabia. The episode also chronicled Rahaf Mohammed who eventually found asylum in Canada, Dina Ali Lasloom who was unsuccessful in her attempt to secure asylum in Australia, and featured prominent activist Mona Eltahawy and Manal al-Sharif. Comperes * Michael Charlton, 1961 * Mike Willesee, 1969–1971 * Caroline Jones, 1973–1981 * Andrew Olle, 1985–1994 * Liz Jackson, 1995–1999, * Kerry O'Brien, 2011–2015 * Sarah Ferguson, 2016–2018 *Michael Brissenden, 2019–present Producers * Robert Moore (1965–1967) * Sam Lipski (1968) * Paul Lyneham (1980–81) * Sally Neighbour (executive producer, 2015–present) See also * List of longest-running Australian television series References External links Four Corners at the National Film and Sound Archive *Four Corners celebrates 40 years — in 90 minutes, abc.net.au. Retrieved on 28 April 2017. Category:Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming Category:Australian non-fiction television series Category:ABC News and Current Affairs Category:Black-and-white Australian television shows Category:1961 Australian television series debuts Category:1970s Australian television series Category:1980s Australian television series Category:1990s Australian television series Category:2000s Australian television series Category:2010s Australian television series Category:English-language television shows Category:Articles containing video clips "