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"The year 1705 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Edmond Halley, in his Synopsis Astronomia Cometicae, states that comets seen in 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 were actually a single comet and correctly predicts that it will return in 1758. Life sciences * Dutch lepidopterist Maria Merian publishes Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium. * French anatomist Raymond Vieussens publishes Novum vasorum corporis humani systema, considered an early classic work on cardiology. * French surgeon Jean Louis Petit publishes L'Art de guerir les maladies des os, the first significant work on bone disease. Other events * April 16 – Isaac Newton is knighted by Anne, Queen of Great Britain. Births * February 22 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist (died 1735) * April 11 – William Cookworthy, English chemist (died 1780) * June 21 – David Hartley, English physician and psychologist (died 1757) * undated – Charles Labelye, Swiss engineer (died c. 1781) * undated – Thomas Boulsover, English inventor (died 1788) * undated – Faustina Pignatelli, Italian mathematician (died 1785) Deaths * January 17 – John Ray, English naturalist (born 1627) * August 16 – Jakob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (born 1654) * October 11 – Guillaume Amontons, French scientific instrument inventor and physicist (born 1663) * November 10 – Justine Siegemund, German midwife (born 1636) References Category:18th century in science Category:1700s in science "
"The year 1704 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * approx. date – The first modern orrery is built by George Graham and Thomas Tompion. Earth sciences * An earthquake strikes Gondar in Ethiopia. Meteorology * Daniel Defoe documents the Great Storm of 1703 with eyewitness testimonies in The Storm (London). Physics * Isaac Newton releases a record of experiments and the deductions made from them in Opticks, a major contribution in study of optics and refraction of light. * Pierre Varignon invents the U-tube manometer, a device capable of measuring rarefaction in gases. Technology * The second electric machine is invented by British engineer Francis Hauksbee the elder (1660–1713): it is a sphere of glass rotated by a wheel. * For watch movements, Peter Debaufre invents the Debaufre escapement, the first frictional rest watch escapement produced: the escapement consists of two saw-tooth escape wheels of the same count. * For watch bearings, a jewel bearing made of ruby, comprising a ring (the "hole") with a sink for oil, is invented by Nicholas Facio with Peter and Jacob Debaufre, who use pierced natural rubies. Other gemstones are used subsequently, including garnet (which is too soft) and diamond; in the 20th century, synthetic ruby or sapphire becomes universal for jewel bearings. * In oil painting, colormaker Diesbach of Berlin (Germany) accidentally invents the pigment Prussian blue, a powerful dark blue pigment with greenish undertones (made from alum and animal bones); therefore, Prussian blue cannot be found in a paint layer predating this year. Publications * John Harris publishes the first edition of the Lexicon Technicum, an encyclopedic dictionary of science, in London. Births * February 28 – Louis Godin, French astronomer (died 1760) * June 4 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (died 1776) * June 17 – John Kay, English inventor (died 1780) * July 31 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician (died 1752) * December 29 – Martha Daniell Logan, American botanist (died 1779) * (c. 1704) – William Battie, English psychiatrist (died 1776) * undated – Richard Pococke, English anthropologist and explorer (died 1765) Deaths * February 2 – Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital, French mathematician (born 1661) * March 17 – Menno, Baron van Coehoorn, Dutch military engineer (born 1641) * April 15 – Johann van Waveren Hudde, Dutch mathematician (born 1628) * April 20 - Agnes Block, Dutch horticulturalist (born 1629) * June 14 – Ralph Bathurst, English theologian, physician and academic (born 1620) * July 7 – Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (born c. 1657) * November 20 – Charles Plumier, French botanist (born 1646) * Paolo Falconieri, Florentine polymath (born 1638) References Category:18th century in science Category:1700s in science "
"The year 1703 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology * Charles Plumier's Nova plantarum Americanarum genera begins publication in Paris. This includes descriptions of Fuchsia, discovered by him on Hispaniola,The Encyclopædia Britannica: a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, Volume XI, Franciscans to Gibbons 11th ed. New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company (1910). p. 272. Retrieved on 2007-09-25. and naming of the genus Magnolia, applied to species from Martinique. Chemistry * Georg Ernst Stahl, professor of medicine and chemistry at the University of Halle, proposes phlogiston theory in the way it comes to be generally understood. Mathematics * Gottfried Leibniz first publishes a description of binary numbers in the West.Leibniz G. "Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire". Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences. Repr. in Gerhardt, C., ed. (1879), Die Mathematische Schriften, Berlin, 7:223. English translation as "Explanation of Binary Arithmetic" at Leibniz Translations, retrieved on 2013-12-24. * Leonty Magnitsky's Arithmetic (Арифметика) is published, the first scientific book in the Russian language. Meteorology * November 24 – December 2 – The Great Storm of 1703, an Atlantic hurricane, ravages southern England and the English Channel, killing nearly 8000, mostly at sea. Technology * An early, crude seismograph is developed by the French physicist Abbé Jean de Hautefeuille. Appointments * November 30 – Isaac Newton is elected president of the Royal Society in London, a position he will hold until his death in 1727. Births * January 8 – André Levret, French obstetrician (died 1780) * January 15 – Johann Ernst Hebenstreit, German physician and naturalist (died 1757) * June 21 – Joseph Lieutaud, French physician (died 1780) * August 23 – Robert James, English physician (died 1776) * September 16 – Guillaume-François Rouelle, French chemist and apothecary (died 1770) * October 28 – Antoine Deparcieux, French mathematician (died 1768) * November 25 – Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist (died 1784) * December 2 – Ferdinand Konščak, Croatian explorer (died 1759) * December 9 – Chester Moore Hall, English scientific instrument maker (died 1771) * undated – Aleksei Chirikov, Russian explorer (died 1748) Deaths * March 3 – Robert Hooke, English scientist (born 1635) * March 20 (probable) – Johann von Löwenstern-Kunckel, German chemist (born 1630?) * September 22 – Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and scientist (born 1622) * October 28 – John Wallis, English mathematician (born 1616) References Category:18th century in science Category:1700s in science "