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"Two World War I flying aces were born in Swaziland. They were: * Leonard A. Payne * Percy Frank Charles Howe References Swaziland World War I flying aces World War I flying aces "
"Gottlieb Hering (2 June 1887 – 9 October 1945) was an SS commander of Nazi Germany. He served in Action T4 and later as the second and last commandant of Bełżec extermination camp during Operation Reinhard. Hering directly perpetrated the genocide of Jews and other peoples during The Holocaust. Early life Hering was born and raised in Warmbronn, a district in the town of Leonberg. After finishing his schooling, Hering worked on a farm near his home. From 1907 to 1909, he served in the 20th (2nd Württemberg) Uhlans "King William I" regiment, and then voluntarily stayed on for another three years. Hering then joined the Heilbronn police in 1912. In 1914, Hering married and had one son. During the First World War, Hering was called to serve in the machine gun company of Grenadier Regiment 123 in 1915, with which he fought on the Western Front in northern France until the armistice in 1918. He attained the rank of sergeant. For his war services he was awarded the Iron Cross First Class. After the First World War, Hering briefly rejoined the Schutzpolizei in Heilbronn. Police and SS career Hering began his police career in 1919 as a detective (sergeant) in the criminal police (Kriminalpolizei, or Kripo) in Göppingen, near Stuttgart, making officer rank by 1929. In 1920, Hering had joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany. During the Weimar Republic era he initiated vigorous actions against the NSDAP, SA and SS and consequently was called a "Nazi-eater". By the 1933 Nazi Seizure of Power ("Machtergreifung"), Nazi Party members vehemently demanded Hering's dismissal from the police. However, Hering had known Nazi Christian Wirth from official contexts since 1912, and while working in the Kripo in Stuttgart, the two became acquaintances, so that Hering was able to continue working despite the violent protests of local SA and SS men. In May 1933 Hering finally joined the NSDAP. In 1934 he was appointed head of the Göppingen Kripo and then continued his career in 1939 in Stuttgart- Schwenningen. After the outbreak of World War II, Hering, along with other senior Kripo officers, was transferred to Gotenhafen (Gdynia) in December 1939. He was appointed with the task of resettling Volksdeutsche to the General Government. Action T4 Beginning in late 1940, Hering held various functions within the Action T4 "euthanasia" program. Having completed the order at Gdynia, he was transferred to work first at Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre. Hering served as an assistant supervisor (as did Fritz Tauscher) to a police officer by the name of Schemel. After Sonnenstein, Hering became the office manager at Hartheim Euthanasia Centre.Henry Friedlander (1995). The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 206-207. He also worked in the special registry offices of Bernburg and Hadamar euthanasia centres. Operation Reinhard After Action T4, Hering was posted briefly to the Sicherheitsdienst in Prague in June 1942, and was then transferred to Operation Reinhard in Lublin, Poland. He replaced Christian Wirth as commandant of Bełżec extermination camp at the end of August 1942. He served as the camp's commandant until its closure in .Gottlieb Hering, holocausthistoricalsociety.org.uk Rudolf Reder, one of the very few survivors of Bełżec, wrote of Hering's role in the killing of Jews.Rudolf Reder on Gottlieb Hering. Citation. Arad 1987, p. 188. Tadeusz Misiewicz, a Pole who lived in the village of Bełżec and worked at the train station, testified about Hering (file No.: Ds. 1604/45 – Zamość. Dated 15 October 1945 / Belzec- OKBZ): Later career and death After the termination of Operation Reinhard and the closure of Belzec in June 1943, Hering remained the commander of the Poniatowa concentration camp reassigned as subcamp of Majdanek from the forced labor camp supporting the German war effort. On 3–4 November 1943, German police killed the remaining Jews at Poniatowa during Aktion Erntefest (). Hering then joined fellow SS men from the Operation Reinhard staff in Trieste, Italy.Yitzhak Arad (1987). Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 371-372 On 9 October 1945, Hering died of mysterious complications in the waiting room of St. Catherine's Hospital in Stetten im Remstal.Klee, Ernst, Dressen, Willi, Riess, Volker (1991). The Good Old Days: The Holocaust as Seen by Its Perpetrators and Bystanders, p. 294. .Annette Hinz-Wessels: Tiergartenstraße 4: Schaltzentrale der nationalsozialistischen »Euthanasie«-Morde, Ch. Links Verlag, 2015, p. 114 (German) Bibliography * Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich: Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Frankfurt on Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, 2005, . * Fritz Bauer Institut (Hrsg.): Arisierung im Nationalsozialismus – Jahrbuch 2000 zur Geschichte und Wirkung des Holocaust. Frankfurt on Main: Campus, 2000, . * Wedekind, Michael: Nationalsozialistische Besatzungs- und Annexionspolitik in Norditalien 1943 bis 1945: Die Operationszonen „Alpenvorland“ und „Adriatisches Küstenland“ (= Militärgeschichtliche Studien 38). Edited by Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 2003, . * Israel Gutman (ed.): Enzyklopädie des Holocaust: Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden, München / Zürich: Piper, 1998, . References Category:1887 births Category:1945 deaths Category:Belzec extermination camp personnel Category:SS- Hauptsturmführer Category:Aktion T4 personnel Category:Nazi concentration camp commandants Category:People from Leonberg Category:German police officers Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class Category:Military personnel of Württemberg Category:Nazis who served in World War I Category:German military personnel of World War I Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland "
"Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics was a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the fields of cell biology and molecular genetics. The journal was established in 1975 as Somatic Cell Genetics. The founding editor-in-chief was Richard L. Davidson (then of the University of Illinois College of Medicine). The journal expanded scope to encompass the increased development of molecular genetics and changed its name to reflect this with the tenth volume January 1984 edition. Davidson was succeeded as editor-in-chief by his colleague, Elliot R. Kaufman. The journal was published by Springer group companies: Plenum Press until 1992, then by Kluwer until publication ceased in 2002. Publication frequency was mostly bimonthly. Abstracting and indexing Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics is fully indexed in Index Medicus, MEDLINE, and PubMed. References External links * Category:Publications established in 1975 Category:Publications disestablished in 2002 Category:Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Category:Genetics journals Category:English-language journals Category:Bimonthly journals Category:Defunct journals "