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"Amy Gowshall also known as Amy Monkhouse (born 20 March 1979, in Grimsby) is an English international lawn and indoor bowler.THE ENGLAND TEAM Sporting Life Commonwealth Games, Delhi 2010, Medal Table Personal life In August 2002 she married and became Amy Monkhouse. She has since reverted to her birth name of Amy Gowshall. Career Gowshall won a bronze medal in the Women's pairs at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester. In 2004, she won the gold medal in the fours with Jayne Christie, Jean Baker and Ellen Falkner at the 2004 World Outdoor Bowls Championship. She won a bronze medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games before representing England at the 2010 Commonwealth Games where she won, with Ellen Falkner, a gold medal in the woman's pairs competition.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/commonwealthgames/8061774/Commonwealth- Games-2010-Natalie-Melmore-wins-singles-bowls-gold-for-England.html In 2018 she won the National Two Wood Singles defeating Rebecca Field in the final and also finished runner-up to Sophie Tolchard in the 2018 National Singles References Category:Living people Category:1979 births Category:Bowls players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games Category:Bowls players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Category:Bowls players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England Category:English female bowls players Category:Sportspeople from Grimsby Category:Bowls World Champions Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in lawn bowls Category:Indoor Bowls World Champions "
"The Bloody Christmas (, Kărvava Koleda; , Krvava Koleda) or the Bloody Bozhik (, Kărvav Bozhik; , Krvav Božiḱ) was a campaign in which several hundred people of Macedonian Bulgarian descent were killed as collaborationists by the Yugoslav communist authorities in the Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia between 7–9 January 1945.Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia by Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009; , p. 287. Thousands of others who retained their pro-Bulgarian sympathies suffered severe repression as a result.Who Are the Macedonians? by Hugh Poulton, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000; , p. 118. After the end of the Second World War, manifested Bulgarians in the so-called "new lands" in Vardar Macedonia, briefly annexed to Bulgaria during the war, were persecuted with the heavy charges of "great-Bulgarian chauvinism". This chapter of the Macedonia's history was a taboo subject for conversation until the late 1980s, and as a result, decades of official silence created a reaction in the form of numerous data manipulations for nationalist, communist propaganda purposes.Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996 by Chris Kostov, Peter Lang (publisher), 2010; , p. 84.Thinking About Yugoslavia: Scholarly Debates About the Yugoslav Breakup and the Wars in Bosnia and Kosovo by Sabrina P. Ramet, Cambridge University Press, 2005; , p. 281. To wipe out the bulgarophile sentiments of parts of the local population, the Yugoslav Communists started a remarkable process of nation-building.Nikolaos Zahariadis, Essence of political manipulation: emotion, institutions, & Greek foreign policy, Peter Lang (publisher), 2005; , p. 85. From the start of the new SR Macedonia, accusations surfaced that new authorities were involved in retribution against people who did not support the formation of the new Ethnic Macedonian identity.Djokić, Dejan (2003). Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918-1992, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers (pg. 122); . The number of dead "traitors" and "collaborators" due to organized killings of Bulgarians during the Bloody Christmas and afterwards, however is unclear, but some sources put the number of the victims to 1,200.Macedonia: Warlords and Rebels in the Balkans by John Phillips, I.B. Tauris (publisher), 2004; , p. 40. The idea was to weaken the Bulgarian intelligentsia in Macedonia, to eradicate the Bulgarian self-consciousness of parts of the population and to speed-up the process of Macedonisation.Мичев, Д. Македонският въпрос и българо-югославските отношения 1944-1949 г. Университетско издателство "Свети Климент Охридски", София, 1994 г. стр. 80-82. During the terror of January 1945, on the road between Lake Ohrid and Lake Prespa, and on the hills of Galičica mountain near the village of Oteševo and other villages, more Bulgarians were executed.Македонизмът и съпротивата на Македония срещу него Коста Църнушанов, Университетско издателство "Свети Климент Охридски", София, 1992 г.; глава. 25. и гл. 26. Most of the bodies were disposed of in the Prespa lake. Nearly all inhabited places in Vardar Macedonia provided victims for the campaign.Angelov, Veselin. Macedonian Bloody Christmas, Galik Publishing House, Sofia 2003, , pp. 179-201. In several cities in Vardar Macedonia which were set up people's courts, issuing death sentences over citizens charged of "great-Bulgarian chauvinism". Only in Skopje, in 1945, 18 trials were held with 226 defendants, 22 of whom were sentenced to death. In Štip in the same period seven Bulgarians were sentenced to death, in Prilep - ten, in Veles - ten, in Bitola - nine.Цанко Серафимов, Енциклопедичен речник за Македония и македонските работи, Орбел, 2004, стр. 298. According to Bulgarian sources, between 1945-47 over 4,700 Bulgarians were massacred or went missing. Новата национално-освободителна борба във Вардарска Македония 1944-1991 г. Димитър Гоцев, Македонски научен институт, София, 1998 г. гл. 3. As a result of the purge, up to 100,000 people were deported, displaced, imprisoned, persecuted or sent to concentration camps of the former Yugoslavia.State Identities and the Homogenisation of Peoples by Heather Rae, Cambridge University Press, 2002; , p. 227.Additionally, some 100,000 people were imprisoned in the post-1944 period for violations of the law for the "protection of Macedonian national honor," and some 1,260 Bulgarian sympathizers were allegedly killed. (Troebst, 1997: 248-50, 255-57; 1994: 116-22; Poulton, 2000: 118-19). For more see: Roudometof, Victor, Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question, Praeger Publishers, 2002. , p. 104. See also * Macedonian nationalism * Macedonian Bulgarians * Bulgarians in North Macedonia Notes External links * Statistics of Yugoslavia's Democide. Estimates, calculations, and sources by R.J. Rummel. Category:Yugoslav Macedonia Category:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization Category:1945 in Bulgaria Category:1945 in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia Category:Macedonian Bulgarians Category:Yugoslav Macedonia in World War II Category:Anti-Bulgarian sentiment Category:Political repression in Communist Yugoslavia Category:Political and cultural purges Category:Bulgaria–Yugoslavia relations Category:January 1945 events Category:Ethnic cleansing in Europe Category:Aftermath of World War II in Yugoslavia Category:Conflicts in 1945 Category:Mass murder in 1945 "
"Colonel Brandon is a fictional character in Jane Austen's 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility. A quiet and reserved man, he forms an attachment to the younger of the Dashwood sisters, Marianne. Background The younger son of a landed family in Dorsetshire, Brandon made a career in the army, until at the death of his brother he inherited Delaford. We are told that at that point the estate was encumbered, but it appears that at the time of the book's action they had all been resolved: “His property here, his place, his house, - everything in such respectable and excellent condition!”.Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility (London 1932) p. 61 and p. 337 Character In terms of activities and life experience, Colonel Brandon is perhaps the most Byronic among Austen's leading men.R. Jenkyns, A Fine Brush of Ivory (Oxford 2007) p. 188 He attempts to elope with his teenage cousin Eliza for whom he has a passionate attachment; he has the mortification of seeing her married for mercenary reasons to his elder brother; he serves his country abroad and returns to rescue the dying Eliza from a debtors' prison; he raises her illegitimate daughter, only to have to fight a duel with her seducer; and he forms a second, passionate attachment to another vibrant seventeen-year-old girl, Marianne.R. Jenkyns, A Fine Brush of ivory (Oxford 2007) p. 188 His very name links him to the rake in Richardson's Pamela – Mr B. of Brandon Hall – and his experiences are in many ways a benign retelling (rescuer, not seducer) of the latter's life.J. Harris, Jane Austen's Art of Memory (2003) p. 37 and 49 In social life and in courtship, the Colonel may be considered an uninteresting character. Unlike the traditional romantic suitor, the Colonel is melancholy, taciturn, he cancels expeditions, intrudes at inconvenient moments, speaks only to Elinor and not to Marianne.G. B. Stern Talking of Jane Austen (London 1946) p. 139-144 He is set up in opposition to John Willoughby – the latter having all the romantic trappings, discourse, and marries for money; while the outwardly dull Colonel marries for love.E. Auerbach, Searching for Jane Austen (2004) p. 113 Despite this, critical dissatisfaction with the starkness of the typology, and with the book's outcome, is pervasive.R. Jenkyns, A Fine Brush of Ivory (Oxford 2007) p. 191-2 The Colonel seemed to lack appeal to the 20th-century reader, making his eventual success in wooing seem unlikely.G. B. Stern Talking of Jane Austen (London 1946) p. 144-5 For a figure closer to Jane Austen's time like Henry Austin Dobson, however, the marriage was a mark of her realism: “Every one does not get a Bingley or a Darcy (with a park); but...not a few enthusiasts like Marianne decline at last upon middle-aged colonels with flannel waistcoats”.A. Dobson, 'Introduction', Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility (London 1932 [1895]) p. xii Some scholars have seen parallels between Colonel Brandon and Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India. Hastings had been rumoured to be the biological father of Eliza de Feuillide, who was Jane Austen's cousin. Linda Robinson Walker argues that Hastings "haunts Sense and Sensibility in the character of Colonel Brandon": both left for India at age seventeen; both may have had illegitimate daughters named Eliza; both participated in a duel. Notable portrayals * Robert Swann in the 1981 TV mini-series, directed by Rodney Bennett. * Alan Rickman in the 1995 film with Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award winning screenplay written by Emma Thompson, and directed by Ang Lee. * Mammootty in the 2000 Tamil film Kandukondain Kandukondain, directed by Rajiv Menon. * David Morrissey in the 2008 BBC television serial aired by PBS, directed by John Alexander. See alsoReferencesFurther reading *E. Godfrey, The January–May Marriage in Nineteenth- Century British Fiction (2009) Category:Sense and Sensibility characters Category:Literary characters introduced in 1811 Category:Fictional gentry "