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"LC 43 or LC-43 is a designation used for several launch complexes: * Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 43 * Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 * Jiuquan Launch Area 4 "
"Leslie Yalof Garfield (born June 5, 1960) is a Professor of Law at Pace Law School. Professor Garfield got her start in the Academic Support arena and was a force in creating the Association of American Law Schools's (AALS) Section on Academic Support. Professor Garfield teaches a wide-variety of law school courses and is currently focusing her teaching on the traditional first year course; Contracts, Criminal Law and Torts. She also serves as an editor of the Journal of Court Innovation. Professor Garfield has emerged as an expert on teaching law to non-lawyers, law students, and those returning to the profession. She regularly lectures nationally on substantive law and legal skills. In addition to teaching at Pace, she has appeared on News 12 Westchester and regularly lectures for law firms and companies including Kaplan Test Prep bar review programs and New Directions, a program for non- practicing lawyers interested in returning to the work-force. Biography Garfield was born in New York City, and she was raised in Livingston, New Jersey. She is the daughter of Herbert Yalof, former President and Chief Operating Officer of Macy's North East. Her mother, Ina Yalof is a writer who has published 16 books. Her sister, Suze Yalof Schwartz is the former Editor- at-Large of Glamour Magazine. Her brother, Stephen Yalof, is an executive with Polo Ralph Lauren Garfield received her both her BA ('82) and JD ('85) from the University of Florida. She is the mother of three children. Garfield began her career at Pace Law School teaching legal research and writing. After one year, Garfield left Pace to serve as a legislative attorney for the New York City Council. While there, she worked on several pieces of legislation, most notably mandating window guards for apartments with small children, creating business improvement districts and the city's first law regulating smoking in public spaces. In 1990 Professor Garfield returned to Pace, where she started the school's nationally recognized Academic Support Program. In 1998 she was granted tenure and in 2003, and again in 2012, she was awarded the prestigious Ottinger Award for outstanding teaching, scholarship and service. In 2012, Professor Garfield was also awarded the Goettel Prize for outstanding faculty scholarship. Articles *"The Case for a Criminal Law Theory of Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress" *"Don't Count Them Out Just Yet: Toward the Plausible Use of Race-Preference Student Assignment Plans", <10 Rutgers Race and the Law Review (2008)> *"Adding Colors to the Chameleon: Why the Supreme Court May Adopt a New Compelling Governmental Interest Test for Race- Preference Student Assignment Plan's", <56 Kansas Law Review 101 (2008)> *"The Glass Half Full: Envisioning the Future of Race Preference Policies", 63 New York University Annual Survey of the Law 385 (2007)> *"The Cost of Good Intentions: Why the Supreme Court's Decision Upholding Affirmative Action Admission Programs is Detrimental to the Cause", <27 Pace Law Review 15 (2006)> *"Back to Bakke: Defining the Strict Scrutiny Test for Affirmative Action Policies Aimed at Achieving Diversity in the Classroom", <83 Nebraska Law Review 631 (2005)> *"A More Principled Approach to Criminalizing Carelessness: A Prescription for the Legislature" <65 Tenn. L. Rev. 875 (1998)> Tasteful Tort Tuesday A weekly tradition, occurring every Tuesday, in which the majority of Professor Garfield's torts class dress up in business-attire fashion. It was originated around October 2010. The tradition has included: canes, three-piece suits, and various forms of classy dress. Tasteful Torts Tuesday is not to be confused with "A Touch-of-Grey Day" in Emily Waldman's Civil Procedure class in which students dressed like distinguished guest-speaker Adam Cohen. References #10 Rutgers Race and the Law Review (2008). # 56 Kansas Law Review 101 (2008). # 63 New York University Annual Survey of the Law 385 (2007). # 27 Pace Law Review 15 (2006). # 83 Nebraska Law Review 631 (2005). # 35 Conn. L. Rev. 1351 (2003). # 65 Tenn. L. Rev. 875 (1998). # 34 San Diego L. Rev 992 (1997). Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:Lawyers from New York City Category:University of Florida alumni Category:Educators from New York City "
"A California Congressional Redistricting Initiative, Proposition 20 was on the November 2, 2010 ballot in California. It was approved by 61.2% of voters. Election officials announced on May 5 that the proposition had collected sufficient signatures to qualify for the ballot. The measure is known by its supporters as the VOTERS FIRST Act for Congress. The Congressional Redistricting Initiative: * Added the task of re-drawing congressional district boundaries to the California Citizens Redistricting Commission (CCRC) created by Proposition 11. * Defined a "community of interest" as "a contiguous population which shares common social and economic interests that should be included within a single district for purposes of its effective and fair representation. Examples of such shared interests are those common to an urban area, an industrial area, or an agricultural area, and those common to areas in which the people share similar living standards, use the same transportation facilities, have similar work opportunities, or have access to the same media of communication relevant to the election process." Ballot language was filed by Charles Munger, Jr., who was also Proposition 20's largest financial supporter. Munger, the son of billionaire Charlie Munger, was a supporter of Proposition 11 in 2008, which created a new way for political districts to be drawn for California's state legislators and its state Board of Equalization. A competing initiative that also qualified for the November 2 ballot, California Proposition 27 (2010), sought to repeal Proposition 11. Proposition 20 and Proposition 27 each had a so-called "poison pill" provision. This means that if they both received a majority vote, the proposition that received the highest majority vote is the law that would go into effect. Since Proposition 20 passed but Proposition 27 did not, neither provision was triggered. Ballot language ; Ballot title : ; Official summary : Removes elected representatives from the process of establishing congressional districts and transfers that authority to recently authorized 14-member redistricting commission Democrats, Republicans, and representatives of neither party. ; Summary of estimated fiscal impact : No significant net change in state redistricting costs. Congressional re-districting If this initiative had not succeeded, the next Governor of California and members of the California State Legislature would have chosen how to draw lines for however many U.S. Congressional districts California is determined to be entitled to after the 2010 census. Estimates are that California will have somewhere between 52 and 54 seats in congress after those census calculations are completed. From 2000 to 2010, the population in California has undergone a major shift eastward, with people moving to California's inland areas from its coastal enclaves. This means that California's congressional district boundaries will certainly undergo major upheaval after the 2010 census. As one example, the San Francisco Bay Area grew less than 1% since the last redistricting, while the Central Valley area has grown by 21%. Los Angeles County has grown 5%, while San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino and Imperial Counties have grown by 17%. Another notable factor is that California's population hasn't grown relative to the population of the rest of the United States, and may even have proportionally shrunk. There were fears at the time that California could lose one or two seats in Congress. In the end California's representation in Congress remained the same, which was the first time the state had not increased its congressional representation since the reapportionment following the 1920 census. Constitutional changes Proposition 20 amended three sections of Article XXI of the California Constitution. The three sections are: * Section 1 of Article XXI * Section 2 of Article XXI * Section 3 of Article XXI Support=Supporters Charles Munger launched the campaign to qualify the Congressional Redistricting Initiative for the 2010 ballot. Munger was also a key supporter of 2008's Proposition 11, having given about $2 million to that effort. The New York Times characterized Proposition 20's supporters as "an unlikely collection of election-reform groups, civil rights nonprofits and former officials from both major parties who say that the current system of redistricting has left politicians unaccountable." Supporters of Proposition 20 included: * California Chamber of Commerce * California State Conference of the NAACP * AARP * California Common Cause * IndependentVoice.Org * Bay Area Council * Arnold Schwarzenegger and Gray Davis A full list of the supporters of Proposition 20 is available from the "Yes on Proposition 20" website. Arguments in favor Arguments were submitted to the official California Voter Guide on behalf of a "yes" vote on Proposition 20, as were rebuttals to the arguments provided by Prop 20 opponents. The signers of these arguments were: * David Pacheco, the California President of AARP * Kathay Feng, the executive director of California Common Cause * John Kabateck, the executive director of the California chapter of the National Federal of Independent Business * Alice Huffman, President, the California chapter of the NAACP * Julian Canete, the executive director of the California Hispanic Chambers of Commerce * Richard Rider, chairman of the San Diego Tax Fighters The arguments made on behalf of Proposition 20 focus on these themes: * Proposition 20 will create fair U.S. congressional districts, which will in turn make California's representatives to the U.S. Congress more accountable and responsive, as well as making it easier to vote them out of office. * Proposition 20 ends the current system of members of the California State Legislature being in a position to draw the U.S. Congressional district boundaries "for their friends in Congress—districts that virtually guarantee Members of Congress get reelected even when they don’t listen to voters." Also, "Right now, legislators and their paid consultants draw districts behind closed doors to guarantee their friends in Congress are reelected. Sacramento politicians pick the voters for their friends in Congress, rather than voters choosing who will represent them." * Proposition 20 is a simple and intuitive extension of a ballot initiative that California voters already approved, California Proposition 11 (2008). * Under the current system, politicians have used their redistricting powers to bring about unfair results, and Proposition 20 will put an end to that. For example, "In the last redistricting, Latino leaders sued after a California Congressman had 170,000 Latinos carved out of his district just to ensure he’d get reelected. Now he’s leading the charge against 20!" Opposition Opposition to Proposition 20 is primarily driven by the supporters of Proposition 27. Donors against State Rep. Charles Calderon, a $100,000 donor to the "Yes on 27" campaign. Two campaign committees have officially registered in opposition to Proposition 20. Through September 22, neither of the committees specifically aimed at Proposition 20 had received any contributions to speak of. They are: * The "No on 20" campaign committee. * The "California Coalition for Leadership and Accountability in Budget and Redistricting, Yes on 25 & 27, No on 20" campaign committee. However, due to the fact that California Proposition 27 contains "poison pill" language with respect to Proposition 20, any money spent to promote a "yes" vote on Proposition 27 amounts to money spent to hurt Proposition 20, and vice versa. That main campaign committee endorsing a "yes" vote on California Proposition 27 has raised millions of dollars, including a substantial amount of money from 17 members of the California's delegation to the U.S. Congress as well as members of the California State Legislature. Arguments against Arguments were submitted to the official California Voter Guide urging a "no" vote on Proposition 20, as were rebuttals to the arguments provided by Prop 20 supporters. The signers of these arguments were: * Daniel H. Lowenstein, a professor at UCLA and a former chairman of the California Fair Political Practices Commission. * Mark Murray, the executive director of "Californians Against Waste" * Hank Lacayo, president of the "Congress of California Seniors" * Aubry L. Stone, president of the California Black Chamber of Commerce * Carl Pope, chairman of the Sierra Club The themes of the main arguments they make against Proposition 20 (and in favor of Proposition 27) are: * Proposition 20 will be "a waste of taxpayer dollars". * Proposition 20 is said by its opponents to turn back the clock on redistricting law. Proposition 20 mandates that all districts (including Assembly, Senate, and Congress) must be segregated by income level and mandates that all districts be segregated according to 'similar living standards' and that districts include only people 'with similar work opportunities.'" Editorial opinion=Yes on Prop 20 Newspapers that have editorialized in favor of Proposition 20 include: * Contra Costa Times: * Lompoc Record: * The Long Beach Press-Telegram: * Los Angeles Daily News: * The Los Angeles Times: * North County Times: * The Orange County Register: * Riverside Press Enterprise: * San Bernardino Sun: * San Diego Union-Tribune: * Santa Rosa Press Democrat: * Santa Cruz Sentinel: * San Gabriel Valley Tribune: * Ventura County Star: No on Prop 20 * Sacramento Bee: Path to the ballot 694,354 signatures were required to qualify the initiative for the ballot. Supporters turned in 1,180,623 signature in mid-March 2010, and election officials announced on May 5, 2010 that after an inspection process, the signatures met or exceeded the minimum threshold for ballot qualification. The petition drive management company hired to collect the signatures was National Petition Management. NPM was paid $1,937,380 (through May 6) for their signature-gathering services. ResultsExternal links=Basic information * Text of proposed law * Ballot title, summary, and analysis * Arguments and Rebuttals, submitted for the California Voter Guide * League of Women Voters overview of Proposition 20 * California Voter Foundation guide to Proposition 20 * Institute of Governmental Studies overview of Proposition 20 Supporters * "Yes on Proposition 20" * Campaign finance reports of VOTERS FIRST * "Yes on Proposition 20" on Facebook * Yes on 20, No on 27 on Twitter * "Yes on Proposition 20" channel on YouTube Opponents * Yes on 27, No on 20 * Campaign finance reports for the "No on 20" campaign committee * Campaign finance reports for the "California Coalition for Leadership and Accountability in Budget and Redistricting, Yes on 25 & 27, No on 20 Further reading * Props. 20, 27 pit politicians against voters * Voters face two competing redistricting propositions * On Redistricting Reform: The Status Quo Strikes Back * Conflicting redistricting measures References 20 Category:Redistricting in the United States Category:Initiatives in the United States "